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Which of the following is the primary source of opium?
Where is opium poppy cultivated for legal production?
What is the main alkaloid responsible for the psychological effects and addiction in opium?
Which part of the opium poppy is harvested to obtain opium?
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What does 'narcotics' originally refer to?
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Which alkaloid from opium determines the quality of the opium?
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In which region is 80% of global opium production concentrated?
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What is the primary method of using opium in the Far East?
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What invention in 1853 provided a new and efficient way to administer drugs?
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What is the main method of administration for morphine as mentioned in the text?
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In what form is heroin mainly obtained from SW Asia and Mexico?
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Which country is mentioned as the main provider of heroin?
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What is the primary reason for recommending heroin initially?
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What is the main difference between heroin and morphine mentioned in the text?
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What is the main source of opium mentioned in the text?
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Which alkaloid helps determine the quality of opium?
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What are the main methods of using opium as mentioned in the text?
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Which alkaloid is primarily responsible for the psychological effects and addiction in opium?
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Where is legal opium production mentioned to occur?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common derivative form of opium?
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What is the main alkaloid found in heroin that makes it more lipophilic and active compared to morphine?
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Which of the following opioids has been misused in Europe according to the text?
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What bacterial/fungal infection outbreak was reported among injecting drug users in Scotland, England, and Germany?
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Which opioid has been mentioned as a mixture of morphine, codeine, acetylmorphine, and heroin injected in Poland?
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When was desomorphine synthesized, according to the text?
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What decrease in availability of heroin on the market was reported in 2010?
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Which region has been suggested to be the main provider of heroin according to the text?
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What opioid has been mentioned as being quickly metabolized into morphine and being more lipophilic than morphine?
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In what year did a significant increase in the use of opioid painkillers occur according to the text?
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Which semi-synthetic opioid was mass-produced by the BAYER pharmaceutical company as an anti-cough agent and for treating morphine addiction?
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What substance is mentioned as being obtained by semi-synthesis and being available as white or brownish powder from Afghanistan and as black sticky substance from Mexico?
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In which year were over 80k overdose deaths attributed to opioids reported?
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Study Notes
Opium and its Derivatives
- Opium is primarily obtained from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum.
- Legal production of opium is mainly done in India, Turkey, and Australia.
Alkaloids and Quality
- Morphine is the main alkaloid responsible for the psychological effects and addiction in opium.
- Thebaine is another important alkaloid that determines the quality of opium.
Cultivation and Harvesting
- The opium poppy is cultivated for its latex, which contains the opium alkaloids.
- The latex is harvested from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy.
History and Terminology
- The term "narcotics" originally referred to any sleep-inducing substance.
- The term "opium" is derived from the Greek word "opos," meaning "juice."
Regional Production and Use
- The Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia) and the Golden Crescent (Southwest Asia) are the primary regions for opium production, with 80% of global production concentrated in these areas.
- In the Far East, opium is primarily used for smoking.
Administration and Derivatives
- The invention of the hypodermic needle in 1853 provided a new and efficient way to administer drugs.
- Morphine is mainly administered through injection.
- Heroin is mainly obtained from Southwest Asia and Mexico in the form of a white or brownish powder.
- Afghanistan is the main provider of heroin.
- Heroin was initially recommended as a safer and more effective alternative to morphine.
Key Differences
- The main difference between heroin and morphine is that heroin is more lipophilic and active due to the presence of diacetylmorphine.
- Codeine is a common derivative of opium.
Opioid Misuse and Health Issues
- Desomorphine, a highly potent opioid, was synthesized in the 1930s.
- In 2010, a 20% decrease in heroin availability was reported.
- A bacterial infection outbreak was reported among injecting drug users in Scotland, England, and Germany.
- Over 80,000 overdose deaths attributed to opioids were reported in 2017.
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Description
This quiz covers the history, uses, and properties of opiates and opioids, including their origins from the opium poppy, historical uses as painkillers and cough suppressants, and the evolution of laws and regulations around their labeling and content.
