Operative Dentistry Instruments Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of the Ordinary Hatchet in dental procedures?

  • Planning tooth preparation walls
  • Forming line angles in Class III cavities
  • Creating grooves in enamel
  • Preparing retentive areas and sharpening internal line angles (correct)

Which cutting instrument has a cutting edge that is perpendicular to the axis of the handle?

  • Angle Former
  • Ordinary Hatchet
  • Hoe (correct)
  • Spoon

What is a common characteristic of the Angle Former?

  • Designated for creating retentive features and defining line angles (correct)
  • Used primarily for Class II cavity preparations
  • Identified by its straight cutting edge along the handle axis
  • Used for flat tooth surfaces only

Which cutting instrument subdivision is used primarily on anterior teeth?

<p>Ordinary Hatchet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are dental instruments commonly classified?

<p>Based on function, manner of use, or design of working end (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a spoon excavator?

<p>Carving amalgam or direct wax patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the blade width of a straight chisel expressed?

<p>In tenths of a millimeter (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of chisel is described as having a bevel on only one side?

<p>Straight Chisel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instrument is used primarily for cutting enamel?

<p>Enamel Hatchet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of chisels is characterized by having a straight shank and a primary edge that is perpendicular to the handle axis?

<p>Straight Chisel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of the cleoid edge on the spoon excavator?

<p>It is claw-like (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tools is a combination of a gingival trimmer and a chisel?

<p>Spoon Excavator (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the first number in a four-number code for chisels represent?

<p>Width of the blade in tenths of a millimeter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a gingival margin trimmer?

<p>To bevel the gingival enamel margins properly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a result of using dull hand-cutting instruments?

<p>Increased precision in tooth preparation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of sharpening stone is preferred for fine sharpening of dental instruments?

<p>Fine grit stones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which material is preferred for fine sharpening stones due to its properties?

<p>Arkansas stone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using a stationary sharpening stone, what technique helps prevent rolling and dipping of the instrument?

<p>Utilizing a finger rest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes mechanical sharpeners from stationary sharpening stones?

<p>They automate the sharpening process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to use light strokes when sharpening instruments?

<p>To avoid over-heating the stone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties applies to silicone carbide as a sharpening material?

<p>It is widely used as an industrial abrasive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sterilization method is effective in preventing rust and corrosion of carbon steel instruments?

<p>Dry Heat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of using dull diamond burs during dental procedures?

<p>Heat production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method helps to minimize discoloration and corrosion in sterilizing instruments?

<p>Prompt removal of instruments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a purpose of using cylindrical fissure burs in dental procedures?

<p>Retentive area refinement (A), Gross caries removal (B), Preparation of straight walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is NOT a consideration in evaluating pulpal reaction?

<p>Color of amalgam used (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a plain steel bur used under low speed?

<p>To cut hard tissues (A), To flatten floors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to the hardness of the alloy when using high heat sterilization?

<p>Reduction in cutting edge retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cutting instruments are recommended for retentive area placement?

<p>Inverted cone burs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of diamond burs when cutting?

<p>Do not leave a smooth surface at the cutting interface (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to control frictional heat during cutting?

<p>Intermittent cutting with coolant use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which coolant is most popular among those mentioned?

<p>Air-water spray (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pressure when the speed increases during cutting?

<p>Pressure significantly decreases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using warm water as a coolant?

<p>Visibility can be hampered and removal is needed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does air coolant play during cutting?

<p>Decreases visibility during procedures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tapered bur is known to leave a rough surface?

<p>Tapered Crosscut Fissure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does cutting at high speed have on heat production?

<p>Decreases heat production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the head of a dental bur?

<p>To perform desired shaping of tooth structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of a dental bur shank helps in maintaining alignment during operation?

<p>It provides a bearing surface to control alignment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the combination of air and water spray provide during dental procedures?

<p>It improves visibility and reduces water usage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using rotary cutting instruments?

<p>Improved pulp response to irritation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the bur classification system refer to with respect to dental burs?

<p>The shape and size of the bur head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the proximity of the causative agents affect the pulp response during dental procedures?

<p>Proximity influences the severity of the injury response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which shape is NOT one of the basic head shapes of dental burs?

<p>Circular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of application is recommended to minimize trauma during cavity preparation?

<p>Light intermittent application (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Excavator

A dental instrument used for removing soft tissues (decay, dentin) from tooth preparations.

Ordinary Hatchet Excavator

A type of excavator with a blade shaped like a hatchet. Its cutting edge is in the same plane as the handle, used for preparing retentive areas and internal line angles, especially on anterior teeth.

Hoe Excavator

A type of excavator with a blade shaped like a hoe. Its cutting edge is perpendicular to the handle, used for planning tooth preparation walls and forming line angles, especially in Class III and V preparations.

Angle Former

A dental instrument designed to create sharp, well-defined line angles and retentive features in tooth preparations.

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Hand Condenser

A type of dental instrument used to condense (pack) restorative materials into a tooth preparation.

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Spoon Excavator

Used for removing caries, carving amalgam or direct wax patterns, often with a circular or claw-like cutting edge.

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Straight Chisel

A type of dental instrument with a straight shank and blade, beveled on only one side. The primary cutting edge is perpendicular to the handle. It is often used for cutting enamel.

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Enamel Hatchet

Used for cutting enamel. It has a larger and heavier blade than an ordinary chisel and is beveled on only one side. It's used for cutting enamel and has a right and a left side.

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Gingival Margin Trimmer

A type of dental instrument used to remove excess cement or restorative material at the gingival margin.

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Sickle Scaler

A combination of a gingival trimmer and a chisel, designed for placing a bevel in the enamel, often used on the enamel.

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Slightly Curved Chisel (Wedelstaedt)

A type of chisel tool, named after Wedelstaedt. It has a slightly curved blade, designed for a specific purpose.

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Bin Angle Chisel

A chisel with a specialized angle, designed for a specific application.

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Primary Cutting Edge Angle

The primary cutting edge angle of a dental instrument, measured from a line parallel to the long axis of the instrument handle in clockwise centigrade. The angle is expressed in percent of 360 degrees.

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Curved Excavator

A special type of excavator with a curved blade, used for preparing the inner angles of a tooth. It comes in both right and left versions.

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Non-Cutting Instruments

Instruments that are not used for cutting, but rather for supporting, holding, or manipulating materials in dental procedures.

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Sharpening Hand Cutting Instruments

The process of making a hand cutting instrument sharp again.

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Arkansas Stone

A type of sharpening stone made of a natural mineral, known for its ability to create a very fine edge.

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Silicone Carbide (SiC) Stone

A type of sharpening stone made of an abrasive material, commonly used in industrial settings.

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Lay the stone on a flat surface

A rule for sharpening instruments, stating the stone should remain flat and level, with oil applied to the surface for effective sharpening.

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Use a light stroke to prevent creation of heat

A rule for sharpening instruments, recommending a light stroke to prevent overheating and damaging the instrument.

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Sterilization

The process of eliminating all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, from a surface or object.

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Autoclaving

A common method of sterilization that uses steam under pressure to kill microorganisms. Most effective for medical instruments.

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Dry Heat Sterilization

A sterilization method that uses dry heat to kill microorganisms. Suitable for instruments that cannot withstand steam (e.g., oil-based instruments).

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Glass Bead Sterilization

A sterilization method that uses glass beads heated to a high temperature to kill microorganisms. Fast and effective, but only for small items.

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Ultraviolet Light Sterilization

A sterilization method that uses ultraviolet light to kill microorganisms. Effective at disinfecting surfaces and air, but less effective for sterilizing instruments.

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Cold Sterilization

A sterilization method that uses chemicals to kill microorganisms. Usually done for delicate instruments or those that cannot withstand heat.

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Pulpal Reaction

The reaction of tissues to an injury or irritation, particularly from the dental pulp. It can be acute or chronic.

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What are diamond burs?

Diamond burs are rotary cutting instruments used in dentistry. They are made of diamond particles embedded in a metal matrix and used for various procedures like tooth preparations, crown preparations, and implant placement.

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How does the length of a diamond bur affect cutting?

Longer burs generate less heat but leave a rough surface, while shorter burs produce more heat but leave a smooth finish when cutting.

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Describe a tapered plain fissure bur and its use.

A plain fissure bur has a round shape. This bur leaves a smooth surface but can be used to refine areas, making it ideal for prepping walls for gold restorations.

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What are tapered cross-cut fissure burs used for?

A crosscut fissure bur has a similar shape as the plain fissure bur but creates a rough surface. This characteristic makes it ideal for preparing walls for gold restorations.

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How do you control heat generated during diamond bur use?

Diamond burs can be used at different speeds and pressures. High speed with less pressure is possible with proper cooling, while low speed with high pressure requires intermittent cutting to control the heat.

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What are the common coolants used with diamond burs?

Air, water, and air-water spray are common coolants used with diamond burs during dental procedures. These coolants help control heat and improve visibility.

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When would you use air as a coolant?

Air is a good coolant for visibility, but it creates more heat than water. It is often used in specific situations where visibility is limited.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of using warm water as a coolant?

Warm water is effective in controlling heat generated during diamond bur use. However, it reduces visibility and needs frequent removal.

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Head (of a dental instrument)

The part of a dental instrument that performs the desired shaping of tooth structure, usually with a rotating head called a bur.

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Shank (of a dental instrument)

The part of a dental instrument that fits into the handpiece, providing rotational motion. It also serves as a bearing surface for alignment and control.

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Neck (of a dental instrument)

The intermediate portion of the dental instrument connecting the head and shank. It transmits rotational and translational forces to the head.

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Head shape

The shape of the dental instrument's head, which is usually round, inverted cone, pear, straight fissure, or tapered fissure.

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Bur size code

The numerical code designating the bur size, which also signifies the head design.

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Pulp response

The reaction of the pulp to injury. May range from mild irritation, leading to reparative dentin formation, to severe injury, causing inflammation.

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Air/Water spray

Using air/water spray during cavity preparation reduces heat and debris, thus minimizing trauma to the tooth.

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Sharp instruments

Sharper instruments require less force to cut, minimizing trauma during tooth preparation.

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Study Notes

Operative Dentistry Instruments

  • Operative instruments are highly specialized tools used during dental procedures.
  • Categories include: operative, prophylaxis, and general surgical instruments.

Cutting Instruments

  • Hand-cutting instruments:
    • Hatchets
    • Chisels
    • Hoes
    • Excavators
  • Rotary-cutting instruments:
    • Burs
    • Stones
    • Discs

Condensing Instruments

  • Hand condensers
  • Mechanical condensers

Plastic Instruments

  • Spatulas
  • Carvers
  • Cement carriers
  • Burnishers

Finishing and Polishing Instruments

  • Rotary: Finishing burs, mounted brushes, rubber cups, impregnated disks, and wheels
  • Hand: Finishing strips, polishing points, orangewood sticks

Isolation Instruments

  • Rubber dam frame
  • Clamps
  • Forceps
  • Punch
  • Saliva ejector
  • Cotton roll holders
  • Evacuation tips & equipment

Miscellaneous Instruments

  • Mouth mirrors
  • Explorers
  • Probes
  • Scissors
  • Pliers
  • Lubricant

Hand Cutting Instrument Design

  • Blade/Nib: Functional end of the instrument (point or head)
  • Handle (Shaft): Connects the blade to the shank. Early models were large and heavy, while modern ones are smaller and lighter.
  • Shank: Connects the handle to the working end, the purpose of the shank is to balance the instrument. This is accomplished by adjusting the angulation of the shank so the cutting edge of the blade does not deviate from the axis more than 1-2 mm.

Cutting Instrument Bevels

  • Excavator:

    • Ordinary Hatchets
    • Hoes
    • Angle forcer
    • Spoons

  • Chisels:

    • Straight
    • Slightly Curved
    • Enamel Hatchets
    • Gingival margin trimmers
    • Bin angle

  • Instrument Names: Classifications are based on function, manner of use, and working end design.

  • Examples: Scalers, excavators, spoon excavators, sickle scaler.

Sharpening Instruments

  • Stationary Stones (Oilstones): Coarse, medium, and fine grit stones used for sharpening.
  • Mechanical Sharpener: Honing machine that uses reciprocating motion with interchangeable honing tools.

Principles of Sharpening

  • Clean and sterilize the instrument before sharpening.
  • Establish the correct bevel angle.
  • Apply light pressure to the stone.
  • Minimize metal removal.
  • Lightly hone the unexposed side of the blade.
  • Resterilize the instrument.

Rotary Equipment

  • Handpieces: Hold rotary instruments, power them, and position them intraorally. Categorized by speed: low, medium, and high/ultra.

Classification of Dental Burs

  • Steel, Tungsten carbide, and Diamond: Differ in durability and efficiency at various speeds. Categorized by shape (round, inverted cone, straight, tapered).

Pulp Reaction to Rotary Cutting Instruments

  • Heat generation during cutting may lead to pulp irritation.
  • Instruments should be applied with care to minimize heat.
  • Pulp response can be classified as mild irritation or severe injury.

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Operative Dentistry Instruments PDF

Description

This quiz covers the various types of operative dentistry instruments used in dental procedures. It includes categories such as cutting instruments, condensing instruments, plastic instruments, finishing and polishing instruments, isolation instruments, and miscellaneous tools. Test your knowledge on these essential dental tools!

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