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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the shank in a hand cutting instrument?
What is the typical diameter of a handle in a hand cutting instrument?
What is the main characteristic of a nib-ending instrument?
What is the purpose of the eight-sided or knurled handle in hand cutting instruments?
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What is the classification of hand instruments used in operative procedures that includes mirrors and dental explorers?
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What is the primary characteristic of a rotary cutting instrument?
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What is the main function of restorative instruments?
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What is the primary purpose of Balance Contra-angling in instruments?
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What is the maximum allowed deviation of the blade edge from the axis for optimal anti-rotational design?
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What is the primary cutting edge of a single-beveled instrument?
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What does the first number in an instrument formula represent?
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What is the purpose of the manufacturer's identification number on the handle?
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What is the unit of measurement for the blade length in the instrument code?
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What is the term for instruments with two bends?
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What is the purpose of excavators in dentistry?
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What is the term for the edges that extend from the primary edge in single-beveled instruments?
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What is the angle in the instrument code measured relative to?
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What type of instrument is used for cutting enamel?
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What is the result of omitting the edge angle when it is perpendicular to the blade?
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How is the blade angle expressed in the instrument code?
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What type of chisel is used for trimming the gingival margin?
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What is the purpose of angle-formers in dentistry?
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Study Notes
Instrument Formula and Design
- Instrument formula describes the dimensions and angles of the working end in a code of three or four numbers separated by dashes or spaces.
- The first number represents the width of the blade or length of the cutting edge in tenths of a millimeter.
- The second number represents the primary cutting edge angle, measured from a line parallel to the long axis of the instrument handle in clockwise centigrade.
- The third number represents the blade length in millimeters.
- The fourth number represents the blade angle, relative to the long axis of the handle in clockwise centigrade.
Instrument Classification
- Hand instruments used in operative procedures can be classified into:
- Diagnostic Instruments (e.g., mirrors, dental explorers)
- Cutting Instruments (e.g., hand cutting, rotary cutting, ultrasonic, laser equipment)
- Restorative Instruments (e.g., used for manipulation, packing, or condensation and shaping of restorative materials)
Cutting Instruments
- Hand Cutting Instruments are classified into:
- Ordinary hatchets
- Hoes
- Angle-formers
- Spoons excavators
- Chisels (e.g., straight, slightly curved, bin-angle)
- Enamel hatchets
- Gingival margin trimmers
- Bi-beveled instruments have two bevels that form the cutting edge.
- Single bevel instruments form the primary cutting edge at the end of the blade, with two additional secondary cutting edges extending from the primary edge.
Instrument Design
- An instrument consists of three main parts: shaft (handle), shank (neck), and blade (working end).
- The handle should be small in diameter (5.5 mm), light in weight, and have an eight-sided or knurled surface to facilitate control.
- The shank serves to connect the handle to the working end of the instrument and is normally smooth, round, and tapered.
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Description
This quiz covers the classification and applications of hand instruments used in operative procedures in dentistry, based on Sturdevant's Art and Science of Operative Dentistry.
