Operative Dentistry: Hand Instruments

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What is the primary purpose of balance contra-angling in dental instruments?

To provide a comfortable grip for the operator
To increase the cutting edge of the blade
To allow for the concentration of force onto the blade without causing rotation (correct)
To facilitate the classification of instruments according to shank angles

What is the maximum deviation from the axis that is allowed for the blade edge in an optimally designed instrument?

1 to 5 mm
1 to 2 mm (correct)
5 to 10 mm
0.5 to 1 mm

What is the primary function of the secondary cutting edges in single-beveled instruments?

To provide additional cutting capacity (correct)
To extend the length of the blade
To prevent rotation of the instrument
To form the primary cutting edge

What is the unit of measurement used to express the width of the blade or length of the cutting edge in an instrument formula?

Tenths of a millimeter (0.1 mm) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the additional number on the handle of some instruments?

To assist in cataloging and ordering (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe instruments with two bevels that form the cutting edge?

Bi-beveled instruments (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction in which the primary cutting edge angle is measured in an instrument formula?

Clockwise centigrade (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the angle in the instrument code represent?

The angle of the blade relative to the handle (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for the blade length in the instrument code?

Millimeters (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chisels in instrument application?

Cutting enamel (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of excavator is used for refinement of internal parts of the preparation?

Spoon excavators (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of angle-formers in instrument application?

Forming angles in the tooth preparation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of a bin-angle chisel?

It has a bin-angle shape (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of enamel hatchets in instrument application?

Cutting enamel (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of gingival margin trimmers in instrument application?

Trimming the gingival margin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the shank in a hand instrument?

To connect the handle to the working end (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a handle in a hand instrument?

It is small in diameter (5.5 mm) and light in weight (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cutting instrument uses electric or compressed air power?

Rotary cutting instrument (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the instrument that is used for diagnosis?

Mirror (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cutting edge of a hand instrument?

Blade (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the eight-sided or knurled handle?

To facilitate control (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of instrument that is used for manipulation, packing, or condensation and shaping of restorative materials?

Restorative instrument (D) Signup and view all the answers

Balance contra-angling

This technique helps concentrate force on the blade without causing the instrument to twist.

Maximum blade deviation

The blade edge should deviate from the axis of the instrument by no more than 1 to 2 mm for optimal cutting efficiency.

Secondary cutting edges

These cutting edges provide extra cutting power, especially when working on the sides of the preparation.