30 Questions
What is the purpose of operational definitions in psychological research?
To make unobservable ideas observable and testable in real-world terms.
How did researchers define frustration in the context of the text?
Interrupting an adult before he or she finishes a puzzle and wins a movie pass.
What was the method used by researchers to track people's conversations regarding the talkativeness of women and men?
Electronically activated recorder
How often did the device used by researchers record sounds while tracking conversations?
Every 30 seconds
What was the average number of words spoken by women per day according to the text?
$16,215$
In psychological research, how are covert behaviors typically defined?
In terms of overt behavior for observation and study.
What is the main purpose of palmistry?
To predict the future based on lines on the hand
How do some companies misuse graphology in the hiring process?
By denying job opportunities based on handwriting analysis
What harm can be caused by false psychologies like graphology?
Determining who is hired and given bank credit
Why are pseudopsychologies like palmistry and phrenology still practiced today?
Despite lacking scientific basis, they remain popular
What does the theory of astrology believe determines personality traits?
The positions of the stars and planets at birth
How do pseudopsychologies like graphology cause harm to individuals?
By denying opportunities based on handwriting analysis
What is the main reason why some items never properly enter an individual's experience?
They lack interest for the individual
Why is it not possible to study the mind in the 1800s by measuring reaction time?
Mental responses cannot be measured directly
In the modern version of Donders's RT experiment, what is the task for simple reaction time?
Push the 'J' key when the light goes on
What was the conclusion drawn from observing the choice reaction time task in Donders's experiment?
The decision-making process took one-tenth of a second
What led psychologists to start abandoning the study of mind according to the information provided?
Emergence of behaviorism
Why do mental responses need to be inferred from observing behavior according to the text?
Mental responses cannot be measured directly
What does the saying 'birds of a feather flock together' imply?
People with similar tastes and interests tend to associate with each other.
Why is common sense often found to be wrong according to the text?
It relies on limited personal observations.
How does scientific observation differ from casual observation?
Scientific observation is systematic and based on empirical evidence.
What does the term 'intersubjective' mean in the context of scientific observation?
Observations can be confirmed by more than one observer.
What is the main idea behind the empirical approach mentioned in the text?
Taking a more objective look based on direct observation
Why do psychologists prefer scientific observation over common sense?
Scientific observation is systematic and can be confirmed by multiple observers.
What is the main advantage of using fMRI in brain imaging?
It measures blood flow based on the magnetic properties of hemoglobin.
How does fMRI indicate the presence of brain activity?
By measuring the magnetic response of hemoglobin molecules.
Why do hemoglobin molecules in areas of high brain activity respond more strongly to the magnetic field?
They lose some oxygen they are carrying, making them more magnetic.
What is the significance of the ferrous (iron) molecule in hemoglobin regarding fMRI imaging?
It gives hemoglobin its magnetic properties.
How does fMRI help localize the function of specific brain areas?
By detecting changes in blood flow related to cognitive tasks.
What happens to hemoglobin molecules when exposed to a magnetic field?
They align like tiny magnets due to their iron content.
Learn how operational definitions in scientific research allow unobservable ideas, such as covert behaviors, to be tested in real-world terms. Understand how defining concepts in measurable terms helps in conducting empirical studies and experiments.
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