Operational Definitions in Scientific Research
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of operational definitions in psychological research?

  • To confuse researchers with unnecessary terminology.
  • To keep covert behaviors hidden from observation.
  • To limit the scope of research studies.
  • To make unobservable ideas observable and testable in real-world terms. (correct)

How did researchers define frustration in the context of the text?

  • Refusing to participate in group activities.
  • Avoiding social interactions.
  • Interrupting an adult before he or she finishes a puzzle and wins a movie pass. (correct)
  • Acting calmly in all situations.

What was the method used by researchers to track people's conversations regarding the talkativeness of women and men?

  • Electronically activated recorder (correct)
  • Interviews with participants
  • Video recording
  • Manual note-taking

How often did the device used by researchers record sounds while tracking conversations?

<p>Every 30 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the average number of words spoken by women per day according to the text?

<p>$16,215$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In psychological research, how are covert behaviors typically defined?

<p>In terms of overt behavior for observation and study. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of palmistry?

<p>To predict the future based on lines on the hand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do some companies misuse graphology in the hiring process?

<p>By denying job opportunities based on handwriting analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What harm can be caused by false psychologies like graphology?

<p>Determining who is hired and given bank credit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are pseudopsychologies like palmistry and phrenology still practiced today?

<p>Despite lacking scientific basis, they remain popular (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the theory of astrology believe determines personality traits?

<p>The positions of the stars and planets at birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do pseudopsychologies like graphology cause harm to individuals?

<p>By denying opportunities based on handwriting analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why some items never properly enter an individual's experience?

<p>They lack interest for the individual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not possible to study the mind in the 1800s by measuring reaction time?

<p>Mental responses cannot be measured directly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the modern version of Donders's RT experiment, what is the task for simple reaction time?

<p>Push the 'J' key when the light goes on (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion drawn from observing the choice reaction time task in Donders's experiment?

<p>The decision-making process took one-tenth of a second (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led psychologists to start abandoning the study of mind according to the information provided?

<p>Emergence of behaviorism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do mental responses need to be inferred from observing behavior according to the text?

<p>Mental responses cannot be measured directly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the saying 'birds of a feather flock together' imply?

<p>People with similar tastes and interests tend to associate with each other. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is common sense often found to be wrong according to the text?

<p>It relies on limited personal observations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does scientific observation differ from casual observation?

<p>Scientific observation is systematic and based on empirical evidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'intersubjective' mean in the context of scientific observation?

<p>Observations can be confirmed by more than one observer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea behind the empirical approach mentioned in the text?

<p>Taking a more objective look based on direct observation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do psychologists prefer scientific observation over common sense?

<p>Scientific observation is systematic and can be confirmed by multiple observers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using fMRI in brain imaging?

<p>It measures blood flow based on the magnetic properties of hemoglobin. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does fMRI indicate the presence of brain activity?

<p>By measuring the magnetic response of hemoglobin molecules. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do hemoglobin molecules in areas of high brain activity respond more strongly to the magnetic field?

<p>They lose some oxygen they are carrying, making them more magnetic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ferrous (iron) molecule in hemoglobin regarding fMRI imaging?

<p>It gives hemoglobin its magnetic properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does fMRI help localize the function of specific brain areas?

<p>By detecting changes in blood flow related to cognitive tasks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to hemoglobin molecules when exposed to a magnetic field?

<p>They align like tiny magnets due to their iron content. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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