Operant Conditioning Extinction Quiz: Acquisition, Shaping & Discrimination

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Questions and Answers

What is the simplest and most basic form of learning?

Sensitization

Classical conditioning

Habituation (correct)

Operant conditioning

Which process involves attaining knowledge by forming associations?

Conditioning (correct)

Cognitive models

Operant conditioning

Sensitization

What type of stimuli does habituation typically involve?

Stimuli that are safe (correct)

Visual stimuli

Auditory stimuli

Dangerous or irritating stimuli

Which type of learning occurs through association?

Classical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

Which principle involves positively reinforcing a less frequently performed behavior with a more frequently performed behavior?

Premack principle Signup and view all the answers

In operant conditioning, what is used in clinical settings to shape desired behaviors by providing secondary reinforcers?

Token economies Signup and view all the answers

Who showed that children can learn to act aggressively by watching aggressive role models?

Bandura Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning involves learning by watching others, such as parents or teachers?

Observational learning Signup and view all the answers

What are mirror neurons?

Neurons that fire when an animal acts and when it observes the same action performed by another Signup and view all the answers

What did Skinner not believe played much of a role in learning?

Cognitive processes Signup and view all the answers

What is the process through which organisms learn to respond to a previously neutral stimulus that has been paired with another stimulus that elicits an automatic response?

Classical conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What are the five primary components of classical conditioning?

Neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response Signup and view all the answers

What is the phase during which a conditioned response is established in classical conditioning?

Acquisition Signup and view all the answers

When does extinction occur in classical conditioning?

After the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is spontaneous recovery in classical conditioning?

The reappearance of a seemingly extinct conditioned response if the unconditioned stimulus is presented again Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during higher order conditioning in classical conditioning?

The organism develops responses to new stimuli associated with the original conditioned stimulus. Signup and view all the answers

What type of learning is controlled by the consequences of behavior?

Operant conditioning Signup and view all the answers

What does operant conditioning involve?

The organism operating on the environment to get what it wants. Signup and view all the answers

What are the outcomes that strengthen the probability of a response in operant conditioning?

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves stopping the delivery of reinforcers, leading to a decline or disappearance of behavior?

Extinction Signup and view all the answers

What was demonstrated by Watanabe et al. who trained pigeons to distinguish between paintings by Monet and Picasso using food reinforcement?

Stimulus discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What type of reinforcement affects the speed of learning and resistance to extinction in animals' behaviors?

Schedules of reinforcement Signup and view all the answers

What are the major types of schedules of reinforcement that yield distinctive response patterns?

Fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval Signup and view all the answers

What did Thorndike observe in the time for a cat to escape a box after 60 trials using a trial-and-error method?

A gradual decrease Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Operant Conditioning and Reinforcement

Thorndike observed a gradual decrease in the time for a cat to escape a box after 60 trials, using a trial-and-error method.
B.F. Skinner expanded on Watson and Thorndike's work on behavior, developing the Skinner box with a bar that delivers food, a food dispenser, and a light as a signal for reward.
Reinforcements are outcomes that strengthen the probability of a response, including positive reinforcement (giving a stimulus) and negative reinforcement (removing a stimulus).
Punishments are outcomes that weaken the probability of a response, such as positive punishment (administering a stimulus) and negative punishment (removing a stimulus).
Various examples illustrate the application of operant conditioning, including positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, and negative punishment.
Operant conditioning involves discriminative stimuli that signal the presence of reinforcement, as well as processes like acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalization, and stimulus discrimination.
Extinction involves stopping the delivery of reinforcers, leading to a decline or disappearance of behavior, while an extinction burst may cause an initial increase in undesired behavior before its decline.
Stimulus discrimination was demonstrated by Watanabe et al. who trained pigeons to distinguish between paintings by Monet and Picasso using food reinforcement.
Schedules of reinforcement, including continuous and partial reinforcement, affect the speed of learning and resistance to extinction in animals' behaviors.
These schedules vary in consistency and basis of administering reinforcement, such as fixed or variable and ratio or interval schedules.
Major types of schedules of reinforcement include fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval, each yielding distinctive response patterns.
Operant conditioning finds applications in various fields, including animal training through shaping by successive approximations and chaining.

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Description

Test your knowledge on operant conditioning and reinforcement with this quiz. Explore concepts such as Skinner box, reinforcement, punishment, and discriminative stimulus.

Operant Conditioning and Reinforcement Quiz