Oligosaccharides and Polysaccharides Quiz
48 Questions
3 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of bond links monosaccharides to form oligosaccharides and polysaccharides?

  • Glycosidic bond (correct)
  • Peptide bond
  • Ionic bond
  • Hydrophobic bond

    • Galactose is a pentose monosaccharide.

    False

    What are the two types of glycosidic links mentioned in the content?

    N-glycosidic link and O-glycosidic link

    Lactose is formed by the glycosidic bond between C 1 of β-galactose and C 4 of ________.

    <p>glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following oligosaccharides with their components:

    <p>Maltose = Glucose + Glucose Lactose = Galactose + Glucose Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose Raffinose = Galactose + Glucose + Fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme hydrolyzes glycosidic bonds?

    <p>Glycosidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oligosaccharides are formed from more than ten monosaccharide units.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one important disaccharide that has been listed.

    <p>Maltose, lactose, or sucrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding sucrose?

    <p>Sucrose does not have a reducing end.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysaccharides can consist of fewer than ten monosaccharide units.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two common storage polysaccharides.

    <p>Starch and glycogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sucrose can be hydrolyzed into _______ and _______ by acids or the enzyme sucrase.

    <p>D-glucose, D-fructose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following polysaccharides with their primary functions:

    <p>Starch = Storage polysaccharide Cellulose = Structural support for plants Chitin = Structural support for arthropods Mucopolysaccharides = Cell membrane protection and recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are heteropolysaccharides primarily composed of?

    <p>Two or more different types of monosaccharide units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    D-fructose is the most common monosaccharide in polysaccharides.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Polysaccharides differ according to chain length and ________ of the monosaccharide units.

    <p>branching</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of polysaccharide is starch considered to be?

    <p>Storage polysaccharide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycogen has fewer branches than amylopectin.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one structural polysaccharide mentioned in the content.

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Starch consists of two types: amylose and __________.

    <p>amylopectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following polysaccharides with their key features:

    <p>Starch = Major storage polysaccharide in plants Glycogen = Main storage polysaccharide in humans Amylose = Long unbranched chains of glucose Hyaluronic acid = Disaccharide unit of N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property is shared by all glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?

    <p>They consist of linear chains of repeating disaccharide units</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyaluronic acid is a type of glycosaminoglycan.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Glycogen is especially abundant in the liver and __________.

    <p>skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a homo-disaccharide?

    <p>Maltose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sucrose is classified as a reducing sugar.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the monosaccharide units that make up lactose?

    <p>β-D-galactose and α-D-glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Maltose consists of two units of __________.

    <p>D-glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the disaccharides with their sources:

    <p>Lactose = Milk Maltose = Germinating cereals Sucrose = Cane sugar Isomaltose = Sugar beets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond links the monosaccharides in sucrose?

    <p>α-1,2 glucosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Both lactose and maltose have a free anomeric carbon and are thus reducing sugars.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main enzyme that hydrolyzes lactose in the intestine?

    <p>Lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Hyaluronic Acid (HA)?

    <p>It is covalently attached to proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyaluronic Acid is involved in wound healing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to the vitreous humor of the eye as age advances?

    <p>Decreased elasticity due to reduced association between collagen and hyaluronic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chondroitin sulfates are most abundant in ______, tendons, ligaments, and aorta.

    <p>cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of hyaluronate lyase produced by some bacteria?

    <p>Facilitating invasion of a host by hydrolyzing hyaluronic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) with their occurrence:

    <p>Hyaluronic Acid = Synovial fluid, vitreous humor, umbilical cord Chondroitin Sulfates = Cartilage, tendons, ligaments Dermatan Sulfate = Skin, blood vessels, heart valves Heparin = Connective tissues and blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dermatan sulfate contains a disaccharide unit of N-acetylgalactosamine and L-iduronic acid.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of reduced hyaluronic acid levels in aging skin?

    <p>Facilitation of scar formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of heparin?

    <p>Anticoagulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All glycosaminoglycans are covalently attached to a core protein forming glycoproteins.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two tissues where keratan sulfate can be found.

    <p>Cornea, Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The structure of proteoglycans involves a glycosidic bond between xylose and the hydroxyl group of __________.

    <p>serine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a property of glycoproteins?

    <p>Form part of the extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their function:

    <p>Heparin = Anticoagulant Glycoproteins = Cell-cell communication and blood group determination Proteoglycans = Components of extracellular matrix Keratan Sulfate = Found in cornea and cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyaluronic acid is a glycosaminoglycan that is not attached to a core protein.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the disaccharide unit found in keratan sulfate?

    <p>N-acetylglucosamine and galactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrate II

    • Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs)
      • Describe glycosidic linkage
      • Define oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
      • Understand nomenclature, structure, and properties of disaccharides and polysaccharides
      • Classify disaccharides and polysaccharides
      • List important disaccharides (e.g., maltose, lactose, and sucrose)
      • Distinguish between polysaccharides and their derivatives; glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins

    Glycosidic Linkage

    • Monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic bonds to form oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
    • Glycosidic bonds are formed by enzymes called glycosyltransferases
    • Glycosidic bonds are hydrolyzed to produce two monosaccharide molecules by enzymes called glycosidases
    • Glycosidic bonds are named according to the carbon atoms involved in the bond
    • Example: Lactose is synthesized by forming a β(1→4) glycosidic bond between C1 of β-galactose and C4 of glucose.

    Oligosaccharides

    • Oligosaccharides are molecules formed from a few (3-10) different monosaccharide units, including hexoses (e.g., glucose, fructose, mannose, and galactose) and pentoses (e.g., ribose and xylose)
    • Disaccharides are the simplest oligosaccharides, consisting of two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond
    • Classification of disaccharides: homo-disaccharides (e.g., maltose, isomaltose, cellobiose, and trehalose) consist of two similar monosaccharide units, and hetero-disaccharides (e.g., sucrose, lactose) consist of two different monosaccharide units

    Nomenclature and Reducing Characteristics

    • Anomeric carbon is present in the ring form of the sugar and represents the sugar carbonyl carbon responsible for reducing properties
    • In many disaccharides (e.g., lactose and maltose), the anomeric carbon of one unit monosaccharide is involved in the glycosidic linkage, while the other is free
    • Lactose and maltose are reducing sugars since one unit may have an open-chain form with an aldehyde group
    • Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar because neither of the two rings is capable of opening

    Disaccharides: Examples

    • Lactose (milk sugar): β-D-galactose and α-D-glucose linked by β-1,4-galactosidic linkage; reducing sugar
    • Maltose (malt sugar): two D-glucose residues linked by α-1,4-glucosidic bond; reducing sugar
    • Sucrose (cane sugar, table sugar): β-D-fructose and α-D-glucose linked by α-1,2-glucosidic linkage; non-reducing sugar

    Polysaccharides (Glycans)

    • Polysaccharides are sugars that contain tens to thousands of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds to form linear chains or branched structures
    • Polysaccharides differ according to chain length and branching and the type of the constituting monosaccharide units
      • Starch: a glucose homopolymer, major storage polysaccharide in plants; consists of amylose (unbranched) and amylopectin (branched)
      • Glycogen: a glucose homopolymer, main storage polysaccharide in animals; more extensively branched than amylopectin
    • Polysaccharide Functions:
      • Storage as energy reserves (e.g., starch, glycogen).
      • Structural components (e.g., chitin, cellulose in plants)
      • Cell membrane structure (e.g., mucopolysaccharides).
      • Cellular recognition and communication.

    Heteropolysaccharides (Glycosaminoglycans - GAGs)

    • GAGs are linear chains of repeating disaccharide units
    • Contain hexose, hexosamine, or hexuronic acid
    • Often negatively charged due to sulfate residues (except hyaluronic acid)
    • Important components of the extracellular matrix (ECM)
      • Hyaluronic acid: not sulfated, found in synovial fluid, vitreous humor, and connective tissue.
      • Chondroitin sulfates: most abundant GAGs in cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
      • Dermatan sulfate: found in skin, blood vessels, and heart valves
      • Heparin/Heparan sulfate: anticoagulant, found in mast cells lining blood vessels.
      • Keratan sulfate: found in cornea, cartilage, and bone.

    Proteoglycans

    • Proteoglycans are a subclass of glycoproteins
    • They consist of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) covalently attached to a core protein
    • GAGs and core protein are linked together through a trihexoside (gala-gala-xyl) and a serine residue

    Glycoproteins

    • Glycoproteins are proteins containing short carbohydrate chains (usually oligosaccharides)
    • Carbohydrate chains are linked to proteins by O-glycosidic and N-glycosidic bonds
    • Important functions include cell-cell communication, blood group determination, and interactions with other molecules

    Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

    • A component of connective tissue
    • Composed of proteoglycans and fibrous proteins (collagen, elastin, fibronectin, and laminin)
    • Provides structural support, regulates cell behavior, facilitates nutrient diffusion.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Carbohydrate II PDF - Biochemistry 1

    Description

    Test your knowledge on oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, including the types of bonds that link monosaccharides, key enzymes involved, and important examples like lactose and sucrose. Explore the composition and function of various oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in this informative quiz.

    More Like This

    Biomolecules: Disaccharides and Glycosidic Bonds Quiz
    5 questions

    Biomolecules: Disaccharides and Glycosidic Bonds Quiz

    ScenicWilliamsite7922 avatar
    ScenicWilliamsite7922
    Carbohydrates and Glycosidic Bonds Quiz
    5 questions

    Carbohydrates and Glycosidic Bonds Quiz

    AmenableByzantineArt avatar
    AmenableByzantineArt
    Glycosidic Bonds in Carbohydrates
    25 questions

    Glycosidic Bonds in Carbohydrates

    WellMadeDialect6831 avatar
    WellMadeDialect6831
    Proteoglycans and O-Glycosidic Bonds
    46 questions

    Proteoglycans and O-Glycosidic Bonds

    WieldyEpic avatar
    WieldyEpic
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser