Olfactory Pathways: Course and Structure

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What artery gives rise to the superior hypophyseal artery?

Vertebral artery

Basilar artery

Internal carotid artery (correct)

External carotid artery

What is the function of the hypophyseal portal system?

To release vasopressin and oxytocin

To regulate blood pressure

To deliver hormones into the posterior pituitary gland

To deliver hormones into the anterior pituitary gland (correct)

What is the process by which hormones are released into the hypophyseal portal system?

Endocytosis

Exocytosis (correct)

Pinocytosis

Phagocytosis

What is the location of the capillaries that drain into the long and short descending vessels?

Median eminence Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the vascular sinusoids in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis?

To pass between the secretory cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the hormones that are released into the hypophyseal portal system?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the tufts of capillaries that drain into the long and short descending vessels?

Median eminence Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?

To release vasopressin and oxytocin into the posterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the site where peripheral olfactory receptors are located?

Olfactory epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that olfactory nerve fibers pass through?

Fenestrae of the cribriform plate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mitral cells in the olfactory bulb?

To receive input from the olfactory nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the destination of the axons from the tufted cells in the olfactory bulb?

Medial olfactory striae Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that connects the medial olfactory striae to the contralateral olfactory bulb?

Anterior commissure Signup and view all the answers

What is the region of the brain that receives input from the lateral olfactory striae?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the site where olfactory nerve fibers synapse with neurons in the olfactory bulb?

Synaptic glomeruli Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the brain that the olfactory bulb is an extension of?

Telencephalon Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure that the fornix becomes continuous with?

Fimbria Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical structure that connects the hypothalamus with the hippocampus?

Fornix Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hippocampus in terms of memory?

Converting recent memory to long-term memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the gray matter area that extends from the rostral end of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle to the back of the corpus callosum?

Hippocampal formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the thin layer of white matter in the convex ventricular surface of the hippocampus?

Alveus Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure formed by the convergence of the two crura of the fornix?

Body of the fornix Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the 'feet-like' expansion at the anterior end of the hippocampus?

Pes hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the tract that provides important connections between the mammillary body and the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus?

Mammillothalamic tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a lesion of the hippocampus on an individual's memory?

Inability to store long-term memories Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer of tissue that covers the convex ventricular surface of the hippocampus?

Ependyma Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that emerges from the posterior aspect of the amygdaloid nucleus?

Stria terminalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the transverse fibers that connect the two crura of the fornix?

Commissure of the fornix Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hippocampus in terms of emotional responses?

Development of sensations of emotion with visceral responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the part of the parahippocampal gyrus that is part of the hippocampal formation?

Subiculum Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that curves anteriorly and inferiorly over the interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)?

Column of the fornix Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the bundle of nerve fibers that originates in the hippocampal cortex?

Alveus Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the afferent fibers that connect to the dentate gyrus?

Entorhinal cortex Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway connects the dentate gyrus to the hippocampus?

Mossy fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of the efferent fibers from the hippocampus that travel through the fornix?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is connected to the hypothalamus through the direct amygdalofugal pathway?

Amygdala Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway responsible for the connection between the hippocampus and the subcallosal area?

Longitudinal striae Signup and view all the answers

Which structure receives efferent fibers from the hippocampus and projects to the hypothalamus?

Mammillary bodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the target of the afferent fibers from the septum to the dentate gyrus?

Dentate gyrus Signup and view all the answers

Through which pathway do the efferent fibers from the hippocampus project to the habenula?

Medial forebrain bundle Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is connected to the taste and olfaction system?

Limbic system Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway responsible for the connection between the hippocampus and the septal area?

Stria terminalis Signup and view all the answers

Olfactory Pathways: Course and Structure

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Questions and Answers

What artery gives rise to the superior hypophyseal artery?

What is the function of the hypophyseal portal system?

What is the process by which hormones are released into the hypophyseal portal system?

What is the location of the capillaries that drain into the long and short descending vessels?

What is the purpose of the vascular sinusoids in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis?

What is the source of the hormones that are released into the hypophyseal portal system?

What is the location of the tufts of capillaries that drain into the long and short descending vessels?

What is the function of the hypothalamohypophyseal tract?

What is the site where peripheral olfactory receptors are located?

What is the structure that olfactory nerve fibers pass through?

What is the function of the mitral cells in the olfactory bulb?

What is the destination of the axons from the tufted cells in the olfactory bulb?

What is the structure that connects the medial olfactory striae to the contralateral olfactory bulb?

What is the region of the brain that receives input from the lateral olfactory striae?

What is the term for the site where olfactory nerve fibers synapse with neurons in the olfactory bulb?

What is the part of the brain that the olfactory bulb is an extension of?

What is the name of the structure that the fornix becomes continuous with?

What is the anatomical structure that connects the hypothalamus with the hippocampus?

What is the function of the hippocampus in terms of memory?

What is the name of the gray matter area that extends from the rostral end of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle to the back of the corpus callosum?

What is the term for the thin layer of white matter in the convex ventricular surface of the hippocampus?

What is the structure formed by the convergence of the two crura of the fornix?

What is the term for the 'feet-like' expansion at the anterior end of the hippocampus?

What is the name of the tract that provides important connections between the mammillary body and the anterior nuclear group of the thalamus?

What is the effect of a lesion of the hippocampus on an individual's memory?

What is the layer of tissue that covers the convex ventricular surface of the hippocampus?

What is the structure that emerges from the posterior aspect of the amygdaloid nucleus?

What is the term for the transverse fibers that connect the two crura of the fornix?

What is the function of the hippocampus in terms of emotional responses?

What is the term for the part of the parahippocampal gyrus that is part of the hippocampal formation?

What is the structure that curves anteriorly and inferiorly over the interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)?

What is the term for the bundle of nerve fibers that originates in the hippocampal cortex?

What is the origin of the afferent fibers that connect to the dentate gyrus?

Which pathway connects the dentate gyrus to the hippocampus?

What is the target of the efferent fibers from the hippocampus that travel through the fornix?

Which structure is connected to the hypothalamus through the direct amygdalofugal pathway?

What is the pathway responsible for the connection between the hippocampus and the subcallosal area?

Which structure receives efferent fibers from the hippocampus and projects to the hypothalamus?

What is the target of the afferent fibers from the septum to the dentate gyrus?

Through which pathway do the efferent fibers from the hippocampus project to the habenula?

Which structure is connected to the taste and olfaction system?

What is the pathway responsible for the connection between the hippocampus and the septal area?

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