Ocular Drug Bioavailability and Therapeutic Window Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the lacrimal gland in tear production?

Maintaining the shape of the eye

Producing the aqueous phase of tears (correct)

Absorbing tears through the punctum

Supplying oxygen to the corneal epithelium

Which structure can absorb medication due to a high amount of vessels?

Canaliculus

Lacrimal sac (correct)

Punctum

Lacrimal duct

What is the composition of the tear film that is produced by accessory glands in eyelids and conjunctiva?

Mucus and saline

Oil and mucus

Aqueous phase and mucus (correct)

Oil and aqueous phase

What is the function of the sclera?

Protecting the eye and maintaining its shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lids in relation to ocular structures?

Protecting all ocular structures and helping in lubrication Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the conjunctiva in tear production?

Covering the sclera and aiding in tear production Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is the major route for ocular drug absorption?

Endothelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of the tear film?

8-10 microliters Signup and view all the answers

Which structure has limited drug absorption, with sulfonamides and prostaglandins being among the few drugs absorbed by it?

Sclera Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the eye is filled with vitreous humor, making it difficult to reach with medication?

Vitreous chamber Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the uvea is involved in producing aqueous humor?

Ciliary body Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common mode of drug transport in systemic pharmacokinetics?

Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to indicate the extent of the drug reaching its action site?

Bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can limit drug absorption via the oral route?

Physiological factors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injection offers rapid and predictable drug availability?

Intravenous Signup and view all the answers

What influences the distribution of drugs into interstitial and intracellular fluids?

Cardiac output Signup and view all the answers

What does the volume of distribution (V) relate to?

The amount of drug in the body to the concentration of a drug in plasma Signup and view all the answers

Which body compartments play a role in drug distribution?

Extracellular fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of topical administration in ophthalmic drug delivery?

To extend contact time, increase trans-corneal absorption, and decrease systemic absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of clearance for long-term medication?

Renal clearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life (t1/2) of a drug?

The time it takes for plasma concentration to reduce to 50% Signup and view all the answers

What are niosomes used for in ocular drug delivery?

Ocular drug delivery, categorized as nanoparticles and nanosuspensions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consideration for the optimal dose of a drug for a patient?

Balancing the rate of elimination with the rate of administration within the therapeutic window Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of topical administration in ocular drug delivery?

Solutions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cornea in ocular drug absorption?

Acting as a barrier with tight junctions restricting passage Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has a significant impact on ocular drug bioavailability and therapeutic action?

Molecular solubility, size, shape, and pH Signup and view all the answers

What plays a crucial role in drug release in ocular drug delivery?

Nasolacrimal drainage area, with the inferior punctum absorbing the most Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ophthalmic solutions in ocular drug delivery?

Relying on chemical equilibrium and buffer systems to maintain stability and prevent irritation Signup and view all the answers

What limits ocular drug absorption when applied topically?

Physiological protective mechanisms and poor bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of tear turnover and drainage in ocular drug bioavailability?

They are factors affecting ocular drug bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ocular Drug Bioavailability and Therapeutic Window

Therapeutic window is the concentration range for drug efficacy without toxicity, crucial for long-term therapy
Ocular bioavailability measures drug access to systemic circulation, important for assessing side effects and toxicities
Topical ocular delivery offers low bioavailability, less toxicity, and low local and systemic effects
Physiological protective mechanisms and poor bioavailability limit ocular drug absorption when applied topically
Factors affecting ocular drug bioavailability include pre-corneal clearance, tear turnover, and drainage
Cornea acts as a main barrier for ocular drug absorption, with tight junctions restricting passage
Molecular solubility, size, shape, and pH affect ocular drug bioavailability and therapeutic action
Ophthalmic solutions rely on chemical equilibrium and buffer systems to maintain stability and prevent irritation
Formulation factors, such as instilled volume and dropper design, impact drug delivery and concentration
Nasolacrimal drainage area plays a role in drug release, with the inferior punctum absorbing the most
The cornea's layers and physiological protective mechanisms limit ocular drug bioavailability
Drug-induced lacrimation, corneal permeability, and blood ocular barrier are crucial in ocular drug bioavailability

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Description

Test your knowledge of ocular drug bioavailability and the therapeutic window with this quiz. Explore factors affecting drug absorption, the role of cornea as a barrier, and the impact of formulation and delivery methods on drug concentration. Understand the importance of achieving therapeutic efficacy without toxicity in long-term ocular therapy.