Ophthalmic Drug Penetration and Dosage Forms Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the fusion method described in the text?

  • To subject all components to the lowest temperature possible
  • To add additional substances at the highest temperature possible
  • To minimize subjecting all components to the highest temperature (correct)
  • To produce a melt at the highest temperature possible

What must ointments and other semisolid dosage forms meet according to USP tests?

  • Chemical composition requirements
  • Microbial content standards (correct)
  • Minimum viscosity standards
  • Physical appearance guidelines

Why are topical preparations not required to be sterile?

  • They are naturally resistant to microbial growth
  • They are not intended for internal use (correct)
  • They do not contain any water
  • They are always used in combination with preservatives

What must dermatological products be examined for in terms of microbial content?

<p>Absence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ointments, creams, and gels primarily intended for?

<p>Topical application (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using topical products, what should be considered in pregnant or nursing patients?

<p>Systemic drug absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an ophthalmic ointment?

<p>To be applied to the surface of the eye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can semisolid dosage forms like ointments, creams, and gels be used?

<p>Topically, orally, nasally, vaginally, and rectally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most favorable advantage of emulgel?

<p>It can incorporate hydrophobic drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is used as a gelling agent in MetroGel?

<p>Carbomer 934P (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'emulgel' refer to?

<p>A combination of an emulsion and a gel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components that gels may be formulated to contain, in addition to the gelling agent and water?

<p>Solvents, antimicrobial preservatives, and stabilizers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ocular ophthalmic drug penetration limited?

<p>The short residence time on the surface of the eye due to rapid removal by tearing and other natural mechanisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the residence time of ophthalmic ointments compared to ophthalmic solutions?

<p>Ophthalmic ointments are cleared from the eye as slowly as 0.5% per minute, compared with solutions, which can lose up to 16% of their volume per minute. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What standards must ophthalmic ointments meet in addition to quality standards for ointments?

<p>The test for metal particles in ophthalmic ointment and USP sterility tests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are drugs incorporated into preparing sterile ophthalmic ointments?

<p>Each drug, along with other components, is rendered sterile separately, aseptically weighed, and incorporated in preparing a final product that meets the sterility requirement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the emollient effect of oleaginous bases on the skin?

<p>They prevent the escape of moisture from the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of petrolatum (Vaseline) as an oleaginous base for semi-solid dosage forms?

<p>It can remain on the skin for long periods without drying out (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to incorporate water and aqueous preparations into oleaginous bases?

<p>Water and oil are immiscible, making it hard to blend them together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using oleaginous bases in semi-solid dosage forms?

<p>To provide an occlusive dressing effect and protect against moisture loss (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor to consider when selecting an ointment base for drug formulation?

<p>Release rate of the drug substance from the base (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are ointments primarily prepared when considering the nature of the ingredients?

<p>By mixing until uniform preparation is attained (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic differentiates ointments from creams in their application?

<p>Application to dry, scaly skin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property allows ointments to be effectively washed with water?

<p>Softening greatly with the addition of water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between white ointment and yellow ointment, USP?

<p>White wax is substituted for yellow wax in the formula for white ointment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of absorption bases like Hydrophilic petrolatum and lanolin?

<p>To promote skin hydration through the addition of aqueous solutions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is White petrolatum, USP, primarily composed of?

<p>Purified hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are absorption bases like Hydrophilic petrolatum and lanolin not easily removed from the skin by water washing?

<p>Because they provide an occlusive barrier on the skin surface. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is ocular ophthalmic drug penetration limited?

<p>Due to the rapid removal by tearing and other natural mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional standards must ophthalmic ointments meet apart from quality standards?

<p>Microbial content tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the residence time of ophthalmic ointments compare to ophthalmic solutions?

<p>Ophthalmic ointments have longer residence times than solutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is special aseptic techniques and processing required for rendering an ophthalmic ointment sterile?

<p>To meet the sterility requirement as per USP standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for considering systemic drug absorption when using topical products in pregnant or nursing patients?

<p>To prevent the transfer of drugs to the fetus or nursing infant through the blood supply or breast milk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of absorption bases like Hydrophilic petrolatum and lanolin in semi-solid dosage forms?

<p>To enhance the emollient effect of the preparation on the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when selecting a semisolid base for treating a topical affliction?

<p>The physical and chemical properties of the base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the purpose of ophthalmic ointments?

<p>To provide a protective barrier on the surface of the eye (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of containers should be used to store light-sensitive semisolid preparations?

<p>Light-resistant containers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using a softening point close to body temperature for ophthalmic ointment bases?

<p>To enhance comfort and drug release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are commonly used as the base in medicated and non-medicated ophthalmic ointments?

<p>Mineral oil and white petrolatum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What labeling requirement does the USP direct for certain ointments and creams?

<p>Include the type of base used (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of oleaginous bases in semi-solid dosage forms?

<p>They are effective as occlusive dressings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the emullient effect of oleaginous bases on the skin primarily attributed to?

<p>Their immiscibility with water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can water and aqueous preparations be incorporated into oleaginous bases only in small amounts and with some difficulty?

<p>Because of their immiscibility with water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining characteristic of petrolatum (Vaseline) as an oleaginous base for semi-solid dosage forms?

<p>It can remain on the skin for long periods without drying out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the limited penetration of ocular ophthalmic drugs?

<p>The rapid removal from the eye surface by natural mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key advantage of ophthalmic ointments and gels over ophthalmic solutions?

<p>Extended residence time on the surface of the eye (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must ophthalmic ointments meet USP sterility tests in addition to quality standards?

<p>To ensure safety and prevent infections in the eyes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process required for rendering an ophthalmic ointment sterile?

<p>Aseptic incorporation of components into the final product (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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