Ophthalmic Drug Penetration and Dosage Forms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the fusion method described in the text?

  • To subject all components to the lowest temperature possible
  • To add additional substances at the highest temperature possible
  • To minimize subjecting all components to the highest temperature (correct)
  • To produce a melt at the highest temperature possible

    • What must ointments and other semisolid dosage forms meet according to USP tests?

  • Chemical composition requirements
  • Microbial content standards (correct)
  • Minimum viscosity standards
  • Physical appearance guidelines

    • Why are topical preparations not required to be sterile?

  • They are naturally resistant to microbial growth
  • They are not intended for internal use (correct)
  • They do not contain any water
  • They are always used in combination with preservatives

    • What must dermatological products be examined for in terms of microbial content?

    <p>Absence of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are ointments, creams, and gels primarily intended for?

    <p>Topical application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using topical products, what should be considered in pregnant or nursing patients?

    <p>Systemic drug absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an ophthalmic ointment?

    <p>To be applied to the surface of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what ways can semisolid dosage forms like ointments, creams, and gels be used?

    <p>Topically, orally, nasally, vaginally, and rectally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most favorable advantage of emulgel?

    <p>It can incorporate hydrophobic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is used as a gelling agent in MetroGel?

    <p>Carbomer 934P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'emulgel' refer to?

    <p>A combination of an emulsion and a gel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components that gels may be formulated to contain, in addition to the gelling agent and water?

    <p>Solvents, antimicrobial preservatives, and stabilizers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ocular ophthalmic drug penetration limited?

    <p>The short residence time on the surface of the eye due to rapid removal by tearing and other natural mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the residence time of ophthalmic ointments compared to ophthalmic solutions?

    <p>Ophthalmic ointments are cleared from the eye as slowly as 0.5% per minute, compared with solutions, which can lose up to 16% of their volume per minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What standards must ophthalmic ointments meet in addition to quality standards for ointments?

    <p>The test for metal particles in ophthalmic ointment and USP sterility tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are drugs incorporated into preparing sterile ophthalmic ointments?

    <p>Each drug, along with other components, is rendered sterile separately, aseptically weighed, and incorporated in preparing a final product that meets the sterility requirement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emollient effect of oleaginous bases on the skin?

    <p>They prevent the escape of moisture from the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of petrolatum (Vaseline) as an oleaginous base for semi-solid dosage forms?

    <p>It can remain on the skin for long periods without drying out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to incorporate water and aqueous preparations into oleaginous bases?

    <p>Water and oil are immiscible, making it hard to blend them together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for using oleaginous bases in semi-solid dosage forms?

    <p>To provide an occlusive dressing effect and protect against moisture loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor to consider when selecting an ointment base for drug formulation?

    <p>Release rate of the drug substance from the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are ointments primarily prepared when considering the nature of the ingredients?

    <p>By mixing until uniform preparation is attained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates ointments from creams in their application?

    <p>Application to dry, scaly skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property allows ointments to be effectively washed with water?

    <p>Softening greatly with the addition of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between white ointment and yellow ointment, USP?

    <p>White wax is substituted for yellow wax in the formula for white ointment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of absorption bases like Hydrophilic petrolatum and lanolin?

    <p>To promote skin hydration through the addition of aqueous solutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is White petrolatum, USP, primarily composed of?

    <p>Purified hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are absorption bases like Hydrophilic petrolatum and lanolin not easily removed from the skin by water washing?

    <p>Because they provide an occlusive barrier on the skin surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ocular ophthalmic drug penetration limited?

    <p>Due to the rapid removal by tearing and other natural mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional standards must ophthalmic ointments meet apart from quality standards?

    <p>Microbial content tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the residence time of ophthalmic ointments compare to ophthalmic solutions?

    <p>Ophthalmic ointments have longer residence times than solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is special aseptic techniques and processing required for rendering an ophthalmic ointment sterile?

    <p>To meet the sterility requirement as per USP standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for considering systemic drug absorption when using topical products in pregnant or nursing patients?

    <p>To prevent the transfer of drugs to the fetus or nursing infant through the blood supply or breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of absorption bases like Hydrophilic petrolatum and lanolin in semi-solid dosage forms?

    <p>To enhance the emollient effect of the preparation on the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when selecting a semisolid base for treating a topical affliction?

    <p>The physical and chemical properties of the base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the purpose of ophthalmic ointments?

    <p>To provide a protective barrier on the surface of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of containers should be used to store light-sensitive semisolid preparations?

    <p>Light-resistant containers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using a softening point close to body temperature for ophthalmic ointment bases?

    <p>To enhance comfort and drug release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substances are commonly used as the base in medicated and non-medicated ophthalmic ointments?

    <p>Mineral oil and white petrolatum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What labeling requirement does the USP direct for certain ointments and creams?

    <p>Include the type of base used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of oleaginous bases in semi-solid dosage forms?

    <p>They are effective as occlusive dressings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the emullient effect of oleaginous bases on the skin primarily attributed to?

    <p>Their immiscibility with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why can water and aqueous preparations be incorporated into oleaginous bases only in small amounts and with some difficulty?

    <p>Because of their immiscibility with water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of petrolatum (Vaseline) as an oleaginous base for semi-solid dosage forms?

    <p>It can remain on the skin for long periods without drying out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the limited penetration of ocular ophthalmic drugs?

    <p>The rapid removal from the eye surface by natural mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of ophthalmic ointments and gels over ophthalmic solutions?

    <p>Extended residence time on the surface of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must ophthalmic ointments meet USP sterility tests in addition to quality standards?

    <p>To ensure safety and prevent infections in the eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process required for rendering an ophthalmic ointment sterile?

    <p>Aseptic incorporation of components into the final product</p> Signup and view all the answers

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