Oceania Region Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary climate in the populated areas of Australia?

  • Temperate (correct)
  • Desert
  • Tropical
  • Polar

    • Which biome is NOT commonly found in Oceania?

  • Steppe
  • Tropical rainforest
  • Savanna
  • Tundra (correct)

    • What is the dominant land use practice in Australia's interior regions?

  • Agriculture
  • Forestry
  • Urban development
  • Mining (correct)

    • Which type of island is typically formed by volcanic activity?

    <p>High Islands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary threat to endemic species in Oceania?

    <p>Habitat destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the cultural demographics of Fiji, New Caledonia, and Guam?

    <p>Half Indigenous and half foreign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of biome covers a significant portion of Australia's interior?

    <p>Desert</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Oceania's population is Indigenous?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language family has the highest number of languages in Papua New Guinea?

    <p>Papuan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic enterprise is NOT mentioned as a major industry in Oceania?

    <p>Automobile manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major religious influence was introduced to Oceania by Europeans?

    <p>Christianity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country in Oceania has three official languages?

    <p>New Zealand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did phosphate mining have on Nauru?

    <p>Devastated the land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the geopolitical situation of Oceania?

    <p>Abandonment of most colonies by major powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'tyrannies of size and distance' refer to in Oceania's economic context?

    <p>Challenges in exporting goods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Oceania's population is classified as rural, excluding Australia and New Zealand?

    <p>76%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sub-regions is characterized as 'Tiny Islands' in Oceania?

    <p>Micronesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country has the largest population in Australasia as of 2016?

    <p>Australia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant climate type in Australia, a significant part of Oceania?

    <p>Desert and semi-arid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common economic trait among typical Pacific island countries?

    <p>Heavy dependence on foreign economic aid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about population growth rates in Oceania is accurate?

    <p>Papua New Guinea has the highest growth rate in Oceania.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many major divisions are recognized within the Pacific Island regions of Oceania?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one characteristic of countries in Oceania with postindustrial fears?

    <p>They might struggle to support an aging population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What climate characterizes the Outback region of Australia?

    <p>Extremely low rainfall and high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is predominantly found in Australia alongside savannas?

    <p>Desert biome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major land use in more fertile areas of Oceania?

    <p>Forestry and agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of islands are primarily made of coral?

    <p>Low islands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor threatening endemic species in Oceania?

    <p>Introduction of exotic species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the cultural demographics of Australia and New Zealand?

    <p>Majority European culture with some Indigenous ethnicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often the characteristic of high islands in Oceania?

    <p>Result of volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following islands was classified as a continental island?

    <p>New Zealand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some military advantages of holding islands in the Pacific?

    <p>Strategic military positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which countries are at risk of being completely submerged due to rising sea levels?

    <p>Kiribati, Marshall Islands, and Tuvalu</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Australia gain nominal independence?

    <p>1901</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant climate change initiative was established in 1990?

    <p>Alliance of Small Island States</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a shared characteristic of Australia and New Zealand?

    <p>Loyalty to British Commonwealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary sub-region that makes up Australasia in Oceania?

    <p>Australia and New Zealand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following population growth rates is associated with Papua New Guinea?

    <p>2.6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is typical for a Pacific Island country?

    <p>Population of 100,000 to 150,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dominant factor affecting the climate in Oceania?

    <p>Vast geographical spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic issue is a concern for Australia and New Zealand related to their population?

    <p>Insufficient workforce to support aging populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the population distribution in Oceania?

    <p>76% rural, excluding Australia and New Zealand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the islands characterized as 'Black Islands'?

    <p>Melanesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Oceania's land is typically classified as deserts and semi-arid areas?

    <p>Around 60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main language families represented in Oceania?

    <p>Aboriginal, Austronesian, Papuan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major economic enterprise contributes significantly to Oceania's economy?

    <p>Exports of plantation crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country in Oceania has a significant representation of Hindus?

    <p>Fiji</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did European colonization have on the political systems of Oceania?

    <p>It disrupted old political systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Oceania's population is categorized as Asian?

    <p>13%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a major consequence of phosphate mining on Nauru?

    <p>Devastation of land and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following religions is considered dominant in Oceania?

    <p>Christianity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is referred to as the Indigenous population of Australia?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do exotic species generally have on native species in Australia?

    <p>They often cause catastrophic impacts on native species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the status of Aborigines in Australia today?

    <p>Aborigines suffer from high unemployment and low life expectancy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has been a recent trend in the land rights debate involving Aborigines?

    <p>Aborigines are working with social scientists to document their land claims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Aborigines were estimated to inhabit Australia when Europeans arrived?

    <p>Between 300,000 and 1 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the introduced exotic species that have caused environmental issues in Australia?

    <p>Dromedary camels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country is NOT part of the highest population list in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Uganda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current estimated population growth rate in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>2.3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which climate type is NOT mentioned as present in the Sub-Saharan Africa region?

    <p>Tundra Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of the population demographics in Sub-Saharan African countries?

    <p>Over 40% are younger than 15 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries has a total fertility rate that contributes to the high population growth in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Ethiopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa have a fertility rate greater than 4?

    <p>40</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the UN predict for Sub-Saharan Africa's population by 2050?

    <p>1.5 to 2 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain in Sub-Saharan Africa is the highest point on the continent?

    <p>Mount Kilimanjaro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of agriculture practiced in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Shifting cultivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome is the most dominant in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Savanna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes significantly to the agricultural practices in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Shortened fallow periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of wildlife is predominantly found in the tropical grasslands of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Large mammals such as elephants and giraffes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant issue faced by agricultural lands in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Persistent drought</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does population growth in Sub-Saharan Africa primarily influence land use?

    <p>Pressing lands to yield more crops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the demographics in Sub-Saharan Africa is accurate?

    <p>Most of the population engages in subsistence agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate population of Sub-Saharan Africa as of 2019?

    <p>1 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is NOT part of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Egypt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of the family size in Sub-Saharan Africa regarding population growth?

    <p>Larger family sizes are common due to agricultural needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sub-region of Sub-Saharan Africa includes the country of Uganda?

    <p>East Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A large family size in Sub-Saharan Africa can be attributed to which cultural factor?

    <p>Need for extra labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reasons for the preference for large families in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>The desire for parents to be cared for in old age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the population distribution in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Certain areas are overpopulated while others are sparsely populated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sub-regions is classified as having the least arable land?

    <p>The Horn of Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The area of Sub-Saharan Africa is approximately how many square kilometers?

    <p>28 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is NOT included in the sub-Saharan region?

    <p>Morocco</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is common among families in sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Desire for large families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sub-regions is associated with the country of Tanzania?

    <p>East Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately how many countries in Africa are classified as sub-Saharan?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate population of sub-Saharan Africa as reported in 2019?

    <p>1 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reason for the preference for large families in sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Enhanced parental support in old age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of sub-Saharan Africa in square kilometers?

    <p>28 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is part of the Sahel sub-region?

    <p>Mali</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country in Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest population?

    <p>Nigeria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predicted population range for Sub-Saharan Africa by the year 2050?

    <p>1.5 to 2 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mountain is the highest point in Africa?

    <p>Mount Kilimanjaro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which climate zone is NOT typically found in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Polar Climate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What terrain type predominates most of Africa?

    <p>High plateaus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the population in Sub-Saharan African countries is under the age of 15?

    <p>More than 40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lakes is recognized as the longest freshwater lake in the world?

    <p>Lake Tanganyika</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about fertility rates in Sub-Saharan Africa is accurate?

    <p>40 out of the highest 50 fertility rates are found in Sub-Saharan Africa.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biome covers a significant portion of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Savanna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary land use practice in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Subsistence agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices is dominant in the land use of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Shifting cultivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are primarily found in the tropical grasslands of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Elephants and giraffes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is drought a significant issue in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>It affects water availability for household use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform type is primarily used for agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>River plains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fauna can be predominantly found in the tropical rain forests of Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Insects, birds, and monkeys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor has caused a change in land use practices in Sub-Saharan Africa?

    <p>Demand for increased agricultural productivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oceania Region Overview

    • Oceania covers one-third of Earth's surface
    • Dominated by the Pacific Ocean
    • Sub-regions include Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia
    • Australia, New Zealand, and Islands of the Mid-Pacific are major sub-regions

    Oceania Region: Major Divisions

    • Melanesia ("Black Islands")
    • Micronesia ("Tiny Islands")
    • Polynesia ("Many Islands")
    • Typical traits of Pacific Island countries include populations of 100,000 to 150,000 people
    • Land area of 400 to 1600 square kilometers
    • Economically poor
    • Often former colonies of Britain, New Zealand, or Australia
    • Dependent on foreign economic aid

    Oceania Region: The People and Where They Live

    • Regional population: 40 million (2016)
    • Australia has the largest population in Australasia (24 million in 2016)
    • Papua New Guinea has the largest population in Melanesia (8 million in 2016)
    • Oceania is 76% rural, excluding Australia and New Zealand

    Oceania Region: Climates

    • Dominant climate varies across Oceania due to its large geographic area
    • Australia has extensive deserts and semi-arid areas
    • The outback is characterized by low rainfall and high temperatures
    • Populated areas of Australia have a temperate climate, especially along the eastern, southeastern, and southwestern coasts

    Oceania Region: Biomes

    • Dominant biomes in Oceania, especially Australia, are savannas (tropical grasslands with scattered trees) and steppe (semi-arid grasslands)
    • Australia's interior features a significant portion of the desert biome.
    • Tropical rainforests are significant in northern areas and on the islands of Oceania.

    Oceania Region: Land-Uses

    • Livestock grazing is the dominant land use in Oceania, predominantly in Australia
    • Agriculture and forestry are important in more fertile areas like New Zealand and the coastal regions of Australia.
    • Mining is a primary land use in Australia's resource-rich interior regions.
    • Urban development is concentrated along the coasts.

    Oceania Region: Island Types

    • Continental Islands: Continents were once connected before sea-level changes and tectonic movements isolated them. (Examples: Australia, New Guinea, New Britain, New Zealand)
    • High Islands: Often formed from volcanic eruptions. (Examples: Hawaii, Samoa, Society Islands)
    • Low Islands: Composed of coral, typically taking the shape of an irregular coral ring surrounding a lagoon (also known as atolls.) (Examples: Kiribati, Caroline, and Marshall Islands)

    Oceania Region: Ecosystem Vulnerability

    • Human-induced extinctions: habitat destruction, deliberate hunting, introduction of exotic species, volcanic eruptions, typhoons (Hurricanes), and rising sea levels contribute to species loss.
    • Australia has the highest number of endemic species (species found nowhere else on Earth).

    Oceania Region: Cultural and Historical Geographies

    • Australia and New Zealand are predominantly European in culture but also have indigenous populations.
    • Fiji, New Caledonia, and Guam demonstrate mixed indigenous and foreign populations, while the remainder of Oceania consists of a majority indigenous population (80%), followed by Asian (13%), and European (7%) populations.

    Oceania Region: The Indigenous People

    • Settlement in Oceania began 50,000 years ago
    • Settlers crossed land bridges that connected New Guinea and Australia (Ancestors of today's Aborigines)
    • Languages: Aboriginal, Austronesian, Papuan
    • Australia has over 250 Indigenous languages, While Papua New Guinea has over 860
    • English and French languages reflect a colonial past in the region

    Oceania Region: European Legacy

    • First Europeans were primarily explorers and voyagers.
    • Introduced trading, Christianity, and new settlement patterns.
    • Disrupted existing political systems and altered landscape demographics.
    • Introduced foreign crops.
    • Affected Indigenous populations both directly and indirectly.

    Oceania Region: Religions

    • Christianity is the dominant religion.
    • Other religions include small percentages of Muslims (Papua) and Hindus (Fiji).
    • Traditional Indigenous myths and religious practices also exist, co-existing with introduced religions.

    Oceania Region: Economic Geography

    • Industrial development is minimal in Oceania, outside of Australia and New Zealand
    • Poverty levels are high, similar to other Less Developed Countries (LDCs).
    • Size and distance among landmasses pose economic obstacles
    • Most countries export less than they import
    • Common economic activities include exports of plantation crops, fish, and minerals; services for Western military interests, information technology, textile production, and tourism.
    • Phosphate mining in Nauru has significantly negatively impacted the land.

    Oceania Region: Geopolitical Issues

    • Oceania was historically under colonial rule by the US, Britain, Australia, and New Zealand.
    • France continues to control a number of islands in the area.
    • Geopolitical interests include military advantages and economic gains.
    • French atomic testing occurred in French Polynesia.

    Oceania Region: Environmental Future

    • Sea levels are rising globally due to global warming.
    • Unprecedented tidal surges
    • Kiribati, Marshall Islands, and Tuvalu face complete submergence, and other island nations will lose territory.
    • Alliance of Small Island States was established in 1990 to address global warming and participated early in Kyoto Protocol negotiations.

    Oceania Region: Australia and New Zealand Relations

    • Similar in population, cultural heritage, political problems, economic orientation and location.
    • Reflect British colonial heritage
    • Both are considered prosperous countries due to a large share of ownership (relative to population size) of worldwide business, culture and technology
    • Despite independence, both countries maintain close relations with Britain, and have sought closer relations with the US in the post-World War II period
    • Ongoing debate on whether to convert country into a republic and cease formal ties with Britain

    Oceania Region: Australia's Aborigines

    • Aboriginal peoples are the indigenous inhabitants of Australia. Believed their ancestors "sang" the world into existence.
    • An estimated 300,000 to 1 million Aborigines inhabited Australia before European settlement.
    • Colonization resulted in significant population losses and displacement.
    • Ongoing issues include high rates of infant mortality, unemployment, and a lower life expectancy.
    • Contentious issues surrounding land rights continue to pressure relationships between Aboriginal peoples and the Australian government and its majority population.

    Oceania Region: Exotic Species

    • Introductions of non-native species, both plants and animals, have often catastrophic impacts on native species and cause significant ecological disruptions.
    • Several problematic exotic species introduced into Australia include rabbits, foxes, mice, water buffalo, cane toads, prickly pear cactus, sheep, cattle, and dromedary camels.

    Oceania Region: Now You Should Be Able To...

    • Identify Oceania region and Sub regions
    • Mention Oceania Population, Climates and Biomes
    • Explain Oceania Islands and Land use
    • Explain Oceania Culture, Languages and Ethnicity
    • Explain Oceania Economic Geography
    • Explain Oceania Indigenous people
    • Explain Oceania Exotic Species

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    Related Documents

    GEO200 Past Lecture Notes on Oceania PDF
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    Description

    Explore the diverse and expansive Oceania region, which covers one-third of Earth's surface and is predominantly in the Pacific Ocean. This quiz discusses the major divisions, the people, their living conditions, and regional climates. Test your knowledge about the unique characteristics and demographics of Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

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