Oceania Region Overview

<p>High Islands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Habitat destruction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Half Indigenous and half foreign (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desert (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>80% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papuan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Automobile manufacturing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Christianity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New Zealand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Devastated the land (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abandonment of most colonies by major powers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenges in exporting goods (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>76% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Micronesia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Australia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desert and semi-arid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heavy dependence on foreign economic aid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papua New Guinea has the highest growth rate in Oceania. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They might struggle to support an aging population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extremely low rainfall and high temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desert biome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Forestry and agriculture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low islands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduction of exotic species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Majority European culture with some Indigenous ethnicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Result of volcanic eruptions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New Zealand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strategic military positioning (B), Enhanced shipping routes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kiribati, Marshall Islands, and Tuvalu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1901 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alliance of Small Island States (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loyalty to British Commonwealth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Australia and New Zealand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.6% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Population of 100,000 to 150,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vast geographical spread (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient workforce to support aging populations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>76% rural, excluding Australia and New Zealand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Around 60% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aboriginal, Austronesian, Papuan (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exports of plantation crops (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fiji (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It disrupted old political systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>13% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Devastation of land and resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Christianity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both B and C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often cause catastrophic impacts on native species. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aborigines suffer from high unemployment and low life expectancy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aborigines are working with social scientists to document their land claims. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between 300,000 and 1 million (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dromedary camels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uganda (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2.3% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tundra Climate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over 40% are younger than 15 years. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethiopia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5 to 2 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mount Kilimanjaro (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shifting cultivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Savanna (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shortened fallow periods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large mammals such as elephants and giraffes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent drought (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressing lands to yield more crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Most of the population engages in subsistence agriculture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 billion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Egypt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Larger family sizes are common due to agricultural needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>East Africa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Need for extra labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The desire for parents to be cared for in old age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Certain areas are overpopulated while others are sparsely populated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Horn of Africa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>28 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Morocco (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Desire for large families (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>East Africa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>46 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 billion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhanced parental support in old age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>28 million (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mali (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nigeria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5 to 2 billion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mount Kilimanjaro (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polar Climate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High plateaus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 40% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lake Tanganyika (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 out of the highest 50 fertility rates are found in Sub-Saharan Africa. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Savanna (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subsistence agriculture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shifting cultivation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elephants and giraffes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It affects water availability for household use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>River plains (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insects, birds, and monkeys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Demand for increased agricultural productivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Characterized by extremely low rainfall and high temperatures.

Savannas (tropical grasslands with scattered trees) and steppe biomes (semi-arid grasslands).

Livestock grazing.

Result of volcanic eruptions.

Made of coral, ring-shaped.

Human-induced extinctions, habitat destruction, and introduction of exotic species.

Australia has the highest number of endemic species.

Majority European culture and some indigenous ethnicity.

Oceania is divided into Australasia (Australia, New Zealand), Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.

Approximately 40 million people (2016).

Oceania is largely rural, excluding Australia and New Zealand.

One of the sub-regions of Oceania, known as the 'Black Islands'.

Tiny Islands of Oceania.

Many Islands of Oceania.

The climate varies within Oceania due to location but deserts and semi-arid regions are common and present in Australia.

Population growth rates vary across regions, with Australia and New Zealand having lower rates compared to some parts of Melanesia.

80% of Oceania's population is Indigenous.

Settlement in the Pacific region started 50,000 years ago.

Papua New Guinea has ~860 languages and Australia ~250 Indigenous languages.

Christianity is the dominant religion, alongside indigenous practices and small representations of other religions(Islam, Hinduism).

Oceania, excluding Australia and New Zealand, faces limitations in industrial development and struggles with poverty, often seen in less developed countries.

Nauru's phosphate mining significantly damaged its land.

Seven major economic activities include exports of plantation crops, fish, minerals, information technology, services for Western military interests, textiles, and tourism

Oceania was formerly colonized by various countries, including the U.S., Britain, Australia, and New Zealand.

Oceania covers a vast area, spanning one-third of the Earth's surface.

Oceania is predominantly rural, with the exception of Australia and New Zealand, which have higher urban populations.

Many Pacific Island countries share characteristics like small population, limited area, reliance on foreign aid, and colonial history.

Oceania's climate is diverse, with deserts and semi-arid areas prevalent in Australia.

Population growth rates vary across Oceania, with Australia and New Zealand having slower growth compared to some Melanesian islands.

Oceania has a rich history of indigenous populations, with a significant presence in many parts of the region and distinct cultures.

Oceania's unique ecosystems face threats from introduced exotic species, which can disrupt native balances.

The Aboriginal belief that their ancestors used song to create the world.

Ongoing conflict between Aboriginal Australians and the white majority over ancestral lands.

Non-native plants and animals introduced to an ecosystem can harm native species, especially on islands.

Examples include rabbits, foxes, water buffalo, cane toads, and prickly pear cactus.

Around 510,000 Aboriginal people live mainly in the tropical north of Australia, facing challenges such as high infant mortality and unemployment.

The rise in sea level caused by global warming, leading to an increased risk of flooding and submergence of islands in Oceania, particularly in low-lying nations like Kiribati.

An international organization of small island states formed in 1990 to address climate change and its effects on their countries. They played a key role in shaping global climate agreements.

Despite their independence, Australia and New Zealand share strong ties to Britain and have similar cultural heritage, economic structures, and political orientations. The two nations have also developed close relationships with the United States.

French Polynesia was used by France to conduct nuclear testing, raising concerns about the environmental impact on the region.

Oceania faces serious environmental threats, especially from climate change, which is causing rising sea levels and threatening the existence of low-lying island nations.

Oceania has a vast array of languages, with Papua New Guinea having over 860 and Australia over 250 indigenous languages.

Except for Australia and New Zealand, Oceania faces significant economic challenges, with limited industrial development and widespread poverty.

Savannas (tropical grasslands with scattered trees) and steppe biomes (semi-arid grasslands) are dominant in Oceania, especially Australia. The desert biome covers a significant portion of Australia's interior, and tropical rainforests are found in northern areas and islands.

Livestock grazing is the dominant land use in Oceania, particularly in Australia. Agriculture and forestry are significant in fertile areas like New Zealand and coastal Australia. Mining is prominent in the resource-rich interior of Australia, while urban development is concentrated along the coasts.

Continental islands were once attached to other continents before sea level changes and tectonic activities isolated them. Examples include Australia, New Guinea, New Britain, and New Zealand.

High islands often form due to volcanic eruptions. Examples include Hawaii, Samoa, and the Society Islands.

Low islands are made of coral and often take the shape of an atoll (a ring surrounding a lagoon). They lack resources to support dense populations. Kiribati, Caroline, and Marshall Islands are examples.

Oceania, especially Australia, has a high number of endemic species, those found nowhere else on Earth. Many of these species are threatened by human-induced extinctions, habitat destruction, introduction of exotic species, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, and rising sea levels.

In Oceania, cultures vary significantly. Australia and New Zealand have a majority European population with some indigenous influence. Places like Fiji, New Caledonia, and Guam have a more balanced mix of indigenous and foreign populations.

Sub-Saharan Africa experiences a rapid population growth rate of 2.3%, with the UN predicting a population between 1.5 and 2 billion by 2050.

Sub-Saharan African countries have the highest fertility rates globally, with 40 of the top 50 countries having a fertility rate above 4, significantly higher than the replacement rate of 2.1.

More than 40% of the population in Sub-Saharan African countries is under 15 years old, except for South Africa.

Sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by a vast plateau, with typical elevations exceeding 300 meters, rising to 1500 meters and higher in some areas.

Many rivers in Sub-Saharan Africa are obstructed by rapids and waterfalls, limiting inland navigation but offering potential for hydroelectric power generation.

The Albertine Rift in East Africa is home to a group of large freshwater lakes, including Tanganyika (the longest freshwater lake in the world), Kivu, Lake Edward, and Lake Albert.

Sub-Saharan Africa is home to significant mountains, including Mount Kilimanjaro (with peaks Kibo and Mawenzi) and Mount Kenya, which are among the highest points in Africa.

Sub-Saharan Africa exhibits a diverse range of climates, influenced by latitude, altitude, and proximity to bodies of water, with main zones including Tropical Rainforest, Tropical Savanna, Semi-Arid (Sahel), Desert, Mediterranean, and Highland.

Covers 28 million square kilometers, making it the second largest land area among major world regions.

Home to approximately 1 billion people (2019), with overpopulation in specific areas and sparse population in others.

Densely populated areas often coincide with fertile land and reliable water sources, while areas with harsh environments, like deserts and mountains, are sparsely populated.

Divided into several sub-regions based on geographical location, including West Africa, Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, the Sahel, the Horn of Africa, and the Indian Ocean Islands.

Experiences a wide range of climates, from tropical rainforests to arid deserts, influenced by factors like latitude, altitude, and prevailing winds.

Home to a variety of biomes, including tropical rainforests, savannas, deserts, and grasslands.

Land use varies significantly across the region, with major activities including agriculture, livestock grazing, forestry, mining, and urban development.

The savanna biome, characterized by vast grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs, covers a significant portion of Sub-Saharan Africa.

Typical practices include shifting cultivation (dominant), mixed subsistence farming, and pastoralism.

The soils are predominantly suitable for subsistence agriculture and pastoralism.

High but unequally distributed precipitation leads to a persistent issue of drought.

The region boasts the world's most diverse large mammal population.

Tropical grasslands and open forests are home to herbivores like elephants, buffalo, zebras, and giraffes, as well as carnivores like lions, leopards, and hyenas.

The region houses some of the world's most remarkable national parks, which attract international tourism and generate significant revenue.

The part of the African continent south of the Sahara Desert, excluding northern countries like Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco.

The savanna biome, characterized by vast grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs, covers a significant portion of the area.

Vast grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs. It's the dominant biome in Sub-Saharan Africa and is home to a wide variety of animals.

Dense, humid forests with abundant rainfall and diverse plant and animal life. This biome features towering trees, lush vegetation, and high biodiversity.

Growing crops and raising animals for local consumption, not for commercial sale. This type of agriculture is dominant in Sub-Saharan Africa.

A method of agriculture where land is cleared and farmed for a short period before being left fallow to recover. This is a common technique used in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The raising of livestock, primarily for milk, meat, and other products. This is an important part of land use in Sub-Saharan Africa.

A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, often leading to water shortages and crop failure. This is a recurring problem in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Protected areas with diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife that attract tourists and generate revenue for Sub-Saharan Africa.