GEO-200 World Regional Geography Lecture 9a PDF

WELCOME TO GEO-200 World Regional Geography Dr. Fatmaelzahraa Hussein Visiting Faculty -CHSS ( A ssista nt Pro fe sso r) Lecture 9a Lecture-9a A Geographic Profile of SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA  Lecture-9a Lecture Objectives Is To :...

WELCOME TO GEO-200 World Regional Geography Dr. Fatmaelzahraa Hussein Visiting Faculty -CHSS ( A ssista nt Pro fe sso r) Lecture 9a Lecture-9a A Geographic Profile of SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA  Lecture-9a Lecture Objectives Is To : 1. Explore Sub-Saharan Africa’s region, Area and profile. 2. Explore Sub-Saharan Africa’s Sub-regions. 3. Understand Sub-Saharan Africa Population and distribution. 4. Understand Sub-Saharan Africa Topography and Landform 5. Understand Sub-Saharan Africa Climates and Biomes 6. Understand Sub-Saharan Africa Land use 7. Understand Sub-Saharan Africa Wildlife  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Area and Population Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara. The UN Development Program lists 46 of Africa’s 54 countries as ‘sub-Saharan’, excluding Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, and Tunisia  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Area and Profile the first is russia and the near abroaad Second largest land area of all the major world regions Covers 28 million square km. Population of approximately 1 billion (2019) Overpopulated in specific areas, yet much of region is sparsely populated. Preference for Large Families Extra hands to perform work Ability for parents to be looked after when old/sick In the case of girls, to receive ‘bride wealth’ Large families convey status  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Sub-regions 1. West Africa : Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Mauritania, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo. 2. Central Africa: Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé and Príncipe 3. East Africa: Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda. 4. Southern Africa :Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Namibia, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia, Zimbabwe 5. The Sahel: Burkina Faso, Chad, Cape Verde, Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal, South Sudan. 6. The Horn of Africa: Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia 7. Indian Ocean Islands: Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles.  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: What are the highest countries in population? Highest Populations (Above 50 millions): Nigeria Congo Dem. Republic Kenya Tanzania Ethiopia South Africa  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Population Prospects Homes Elevated to Minimize Risk of Flooding  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Population Prospects The current population growth rate is 2.3%. The UN predicts for the region a population between 1.5 and 2 billion by 2050 Sub-Saharan African countries top the list of countries and territories by fertility rate with 40 of the highest 50, all with total fertility rate greater than 4 (2.1 is required to maintain the population). More than 40% of the population in sub-Saharan countries is younger than 15 years old, except for South Africa.  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Topography Most of Africa is a vast plateau, or series of plateaus Typical elevation of more than 300 meters , though in places elevation rises to 1500 meters and higher The character of African rivers Rapids and waterfalls block navigation a short distance inland. Great potential for hydroelectric energy. Africa’s discontinuous inland waterways are interconnected by railroads and highways  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Topography (Cont.) Farther north, the Albertine Rift is occupied for more than half its length by water, forming the Great Lakes of Tanganyika (640 km – the longest freshwater lake in the world), Kivu, Lake Edward, and Lake Albert  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Topography (Cont.) MT. ​Kilimanjaro Also in the east is Mount Kilimanjaro — with its two peaks Kibo and Mawenzi, the latter being 5,889 m, and the top point of the whole continent — and Mount Kenya, which is 5,184 m. Kilimanjaro's main peaks are Kibo (left) and Mawenzi (right), as named by the Chagga. They respectively mean "spotted" and "broken top".  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Climates and Biomes-a)Climates There is a significant variation across the region due to latitude, altitude, and proximity to bodies of water. Here are the main climate zones: 1.Tropical Rainforest Climate 2.Tropical Savanna Climate 3.Semi-Arid (Sahel) 4.Desert Climate 5.Mediterranean Climate 6.Highland Climate Equator bisects Africa, so about two-thirds of the region lies in the low latitudes and the dominant climate is tropical.  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Climates and Biomes-b)Biomes The main Biomes are: 1.Savanna (Tropical Grassland) 2.Tropical Rainforest 3.Desert 4.Mediterranean 5.Montane (Mountain) 6.Temperate Grassland The dominant biome in Sub-Saharan Africa is the savanna biome, characterized by vast grasslands with scattered trees and shrubs. This biome covers a significant portion of Sub-Saharan Africa.  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Landform Most productive lands are on river plains, in volcanic regions, and in some grassland areas of tropical steppes. To support growing populations, fallow periods have been shortened, and the lands pressed to yield more crops Sub-Saharan Africa’s soils favor subsistence agriculture and pastoralism Precipitation in region is high, but unevenly distributed Drought is a persistent problem Majority of the land use is for shifting cultivation  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Land-use The dominant land use in Sub-Saharan Africa is subsistence agriculture, which includes practices like: 1. Shifting cultivation (dominant) 2. mixed subsistence farming, 3. pastoralism. This type of land use is primarily focused on growing crops and raising animals for local consumption rather than for commercial sale.  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Land-use (Cont.) Mother and Child in Zimbabwe Zebu Cattle in Madagascar  Lecture-9a ​Sub-Saharan Africa: Wildlife Africa has the planet’s most spectacular and numerous populations of large mammals ◦ Tropical grasslands and open forests ◦ Habitats of large herbivorous animals (Animals Feeding on plants) ◦ Elephant, Buffalo, Zebra, Giraffe, and many species of Antelope ◦ Carnivorous (Animals feeding on meat) and scavenging animals ◦ Lion, Leopard, and Hyena ◦ Tropical rain forests ◦ Abundant species of insects, birds, and monkeys ◦ Streams and rivers draining the forests and wetter savannas ◦ Hippopotamus, crocodile, and a great variety of fish Home to some of the world’s most extraordinary national parks International tourism to these parks is a major source of revenue  Lecture-9a Now you should be able to: 1. Identify Sub-Saharan Africa’s region, Area and profile. 2. Identify Sub-Saharan Africa’s Sub-regions. 3. Explain the Sub-Saharan Africa Population and distribution. 4. Explain the Sub-Saharan Africa Topography and Landform 5. Explain the Sub-Saharan Africa Climates and Biomes 6. Explain the Sub-Saharan Africa Land use 7. Explain the Sub-Saharan Africa Wildlife Thank You For any questions: [email protected]