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Questions and Answers
Which PPE level requires the greatest level of skin protection?
Which PPE level requires the greatest level of skin protection?
Which gloves are best suited for handling acetic acid?
Which gloves are best suited for handling acetic acid?
What is cumulative trauma disorder primarily caused by?
What is cumulative trauma disorder primarily caused by?
Which study focuses on human body sizes in ergonomic design?
Which study focuses on human body sizes in ergonomic design?
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What does hyperthermia refer to?
What does hyperthermia refer to?
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What is WBGT used to measure?
What is WBGT used to measure?
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What is a symptom of heat stroke?
What is a symptom of heat stroke?
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In the NIOSH Lifting Equation, what is indicated as not recommended?
In the NIOSH Lifting Equation, what is indicated as not recommended?
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What condition does hypothermia relate to?
What condition does hypothermia relate to?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of heat stress?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of heat stress?
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What does OEL stand for?
What does OEL stand for?
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Which of the following is a type of TLV that refers to a time-weighted average?
Which of the following is a type of TLV that refers to a time-weighted average?
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What is the permissible exposure limit of H2S for short-term exposure?
What is the permissible exposure limit of H2S for short-term exposure?
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Which type of SCBA has a positive pressure inside the hood?
Which type of SCBA has a positive pressure inside the hood?
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How many types of fit tests are mentioned?
How many types of fit tests are mentioned?
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What instrument is typically used to measure vibration?
What instrument is typically used to measure vibration?
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Which syndrome is primarily associated with hand-arm vibration?
Which syndrome is primarily associated with hand-arm vibration?
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What is the maximum hose length permitted for an air line BA according to OSHA?
What is the maximum hose length permitted for an air line BA according to OSHA?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of SCBA?
Which of the following is NOT a type of SCBA?
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What condition is a result of reduced blood flow to the fingers?
What condition is a result of reduced blood flow to the fingers?
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Study Notes
Occupational Exposure Limits
- OEL (Occupational Exposure Limit): The maximum concentration of any hazardous substance workers can be exposed to daily without adverse effects.
- PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit): A mandatory limit set by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration).
- TLV (Threshold Limit Value): A recommended standard set by ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists).
- REL (Recommended Exposure Limit): A recommended standard set by NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health).
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TLV Types:
- TLV-TWA (Time-Weighted Average): The average exposure over an 8-hour workday and 40-hour workweek.
- TLV-STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limit): A 15-minute exposure limit, allowed for a maximum of 4 times per workday with at least a 1-hour interval between exposures.
- TLV-Ceiling: A concentration that should never be exceeded, even for a brief period.
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H2S (Hydrogen Sulfide):
- TWA: 1 ppm
- STEL: 5 ppm
- TLV-Ceiling: 20 ppm
- IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health): 100 ppm
- PPM (Parts per Million): The unit for measuring chemical concentration.
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
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Types:
- Positive Pressure: Pressure inside the hood is higher than the outside pressure.
- Negative Pressure: Pressure inside the hood is lower than the outside pressure.
Vibration
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HAVS (Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome): A musculoskeletal disorder caused by repetitive hand-arm vibration.
- Symptoms: White fingers, blanching of fingers, numbness.
- Note: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a related musculoskeletal disorder.
- WBVS (Whole-body Vibration Syndrome): A condition affecting the spinal cord, common among flight attendants.
- Raynaud's Phenomenon: A condition caused by reduced blood flow to the fingers.
- Measurement: Accelerometer or vibrometer.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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Protection Levels:
- Level A: Highest skin, respiratory, and eye protection (e.g., positive pressure SCBA, totally encapsulating suits for hazardous materials).
- Level B: High respiratory but lower skin protection (e.g., positive pressure SCBA + chemical hood).
- Level C: Moderate respirators (e.g., full-face or half-mask air-purifying respirators, chemical-resistant clothing).
- Level D: Minimal protection (e.g., coveralls, gloves).
Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)
- Long-term musculoskeletal injuries from repetitive work.
- Examples: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Ergonomics
- The science of designing workplaces, products, and systems to fit the needs of the people who use them.
- Consideration of 95% of the population.
Epidemiology:
- Study of how diseases occur in populations and how to prevent and treat them.
Heat Stress
- Hypothermia: Low body temperature.
- Hyperthermia: High body temperature.
Chemical Effects
- Additivity: Combined effect equals the sum of individual effects.
- Antagonism: Combined effect is less toxic than individual effects.
- Potentiation: When one substance makes another more toxic.
- Synergism: Combined effect is greater than the sum of individual effects.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) and their various types, including PEL, TLV, and REL. Discover how these standards protect workers from hazardous substances in the workplace. This quiz will cover definitions and applications relevant to occupational health and safety.
