CSP Work Shop- Occupational Health & Ergonomics PDF

Workbook Occupational Health and Ergonomics OEL: Occupational Exposure Limit- Generic Term The max concentration of any hazardous substance in the workplace a worker can be exposed day to day without adverse effect Examples of OEL PEL: Permissible exposure Limit- OSHA- Mandatory...

Workbook Occupational Health and Ergonomics OEL: Occupational Exposure Limit- Generic Term The max concentration of any hazardous substance in the workplace a worker can be exposed day to day without adverse effect Examples of OEL PEL: Permissible exposure Limit- OSHA- Mandatory TLV: Threshold Limit Value: ACGIH- American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists)- Recommended std REL: Recommended Exposure Limit: NIOSH- Recommended Std. TLV- 3 types of TLV. 1. TLV-TWA-: threshold Limit Value- Time weighted Average- (8Hr)- 8 hr per day and 40 hrs per week. 2. TLV- STEL= Short Term Exposure- 15mins of exposure, only 4 exposures per day with at least 1 hour gap in between exposure. 3. TLV – Ceiling- Can’t be exposed even for a moment H2S TWA of H2S= 1PPM STEL of H2S= 5 PPM TLV- ceiling of H2S = 20PPM IDLH- Immediately dangerous to Life and Health= H2S= 100PPM Unit used for measuring chemical concentration= PPM- Part Per million SCBA- Self contained Breathing Apparatus Types of SCBA 1. Positive Pressure: pressure inside the hood is higher than the pressure outside the hood 2. Negative Pressure: Pressure inside the hood is less than the pressure outside the hood  3. Open Type SCBA: EEBA: (Emergency Escape Breathing Apparatus): Exhaled air is not processed. 30mins or 20 mins 4. Closed Type SCBA: Exhaled air is processed and reused using scrubber method. Eg: 2 hr or 3 hr of work Closed type SCBA will work for more hours Arline Breathing Apparatus- it is connected to cylinder cascade system- Used for long duration of work Q) What is the maximum hose line permitted for an air line BA? Ans) 300ft- OSHA -90Mtr Maximum How many types of fit test are there? 2 types of fit test Qualitative and quantitative Qualitative: Subjective- which relies on the users sense of smell- Bitrex- (Bitter taste) Quantitative: Numerical- an instrument is used to identify the leak. Fit factor- Vibration 1. HAVS- Hand arm vibration Syndrome Symptoms- White finger, Blanching of fingers, numbness Note: Carpel Tunnel syndrome is a MSD Musculoskeletal disorder - Repetitive movement 2. WBVS: Whole body vibration syndrome- flight attendants Affects the spinal cord Raynaud’s Phenomenon- is a condition caused by reduced blood flow to the fingers. Q) which equipment is used for measuring vibration? Ans) Accelerometer or vibrometer Controls for vibration A. Source: Regular Maintenance, anti vibration tools, design selection B. Transmission Path: Damping Materials- like rubber or foam Isolation pads. C. User: Antivibration gloves, safe work practices Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Protection Levels Level A – Greatest level of skin protection, respiratory protection and eye protection is required. EG; Positive pressure SCBA, Totally encapsulating chemical protective suit and other required PPE. Eg: substances with high degree of hazard to skin and respiratory health issue. Level B The highest respiratory protection is necessary, but a lesser level of skin protection is required. Positive pressure SCBA + Chemical hood and other PPE Level C The concentration and type of substance is known, Full face or half face air purifying respirator. + chemical hood -resistant clothing and other other PPE. The contaminats will not be absorbed though skin. Level D = A work uniform with minimal protection, 1. Coverall, 2. Gloves 3. Other PPE Q) As per OSHA PPE Level which level has the highest skin protection? Ans) Level A Q) Which is the best gloves for acetic acid?? Neoprene Natural Latex Butyl or Nitril Latex All of the above CTD- Cumulative Trauma Disorder These are long term musculoskeletal injuries caused by repetitive work related activities 1. Carpel Tunnel Syndrome 2. WRULD- Work related upper limp disorder Eg -Tenosynovitis Ergonomics IS the process of designing workplace or products or systems so that they fit the people or who uses them Q) why it is important Anthropometry: Study of Human body sizes Why it is important? When designing the workplace we should consider 95% of the population. Epidemiology: it is the study of how humans get disease, its prevention research and cure. Heat Stress Hypo: Low Hyper: High Hyperthermia= High temperature Causes=Dehydration, heat stress, heat rash, , heat exhaustion, heat syncope. heat stroke Hypothermia = Low temperature Causes: Cold Burns, chill blains, frostbite and loss of dexterity WBGT- Wet bulb globe temperature: Is a measure if environmental factors that affect deep body temperature. Two Types 1. With solar load( Outdoors) WBGT= 0.7 NWB + 0.2 GT + 0.1 DBT NWB= Natural wet bulb temp ( Indicates the humidity ) GT= Globe thermometer temp DBT- Dry bulb temp( Actual air temp) 2. Without solar load (Indoors) WBGT= 0.7NWB + 0.3GT NIOSH Lifting Equation- Not recommended. NIOSH Lifting INDEX is required. Object weight Recommended weight limit NIOSH Lifting Index value is less than 1, it is a recommended lifting scenario NIOSH Lifting Index value is More than 1, it is not a recommended lifting scenario Lifting Index = 20/10= 2= not recommended. Chemical Effects 1. Addictive- (1+1 = 2) = The combined effect of two or more chemical is equal to the sum of the effect of each agent 2. Antagonism ( 1+1 =0) = the combined effect of two chemicals is less toxic than the individual effect. 3. Potentiation (0+1 = 2) = When one substance that does not normally have a toxic effect is added to another chemical, it makes the second chemical much more toxic. 4. Synergism (1+1 = 4) combined effect is greater than the sum of individual chemical.