Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)
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Questions and Answers

Which level of PPE provides the greatest protection for skin, respiratory, and eye from hazardous substances?

  • Level D
  • Level B
  • Level A (correct)
  • Level C

    • What is the main characteristic of Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD)?

  • Infectious diseases
  • Acute Injuries
  • Long-term musculoskeletal injuries (correct)
  • Environmental hazards

    • What does the acronym OEL stand for?

  • Optimal Exposure Limit
  • Operational Engagement Limit
  • Occupational Exposure Level
  • Occupational Exposure Limit (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of ergonomics in the workplace?

    <p>To design systems that fit users (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance type requires neoprene gloves for protection?

    <p>Acetic Acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization is responsible for setting the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)?

    <p>OSHA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does WBGT stand for in relation to temperature measurement?

    <p>Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Time Weighted Average (TWA) for H2S?

    <p>1 PPM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of fit tests are there?

    <p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes hyperthermia in workers?

    <p>Dehydration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of SCBA uses exhaled air reuse technology?

    <p>Closed Type SCBA (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which temperature measurement components are included in the WBGT formula with solar load?

    <p>Wet bulb, Dry bulb, and Globe temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the NIOSH Lifting Equation primarily concerned with?

    <p>Lifting Index (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum hose line length permitted for an air line breathing apparatus according to OSHA?

    <p>300 ft (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypothermia?

    <p>Cold burns (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a symptom of Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS)?

    <p>Numbness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which respiratory protection level requires the use of a positive pressure SCBA?

    <p>Level A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an accelerometer or vibrometer?

    <p>Measuring vibration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which limit signifies an immediately dangerous concentration of H2S?

    <p>100 PPM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which syndrome is associated with whole body vibration and affects the spinal cord?

    <p>Whole Body Vibration Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Occupational Exposure Limit (OEL)

    The maximum concentration of a hazardous substance a worker can be exposed to daily without adverse effects.

    Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)

    A type of OEL mandated by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) for workplace safety.

    Threshold Limit Value (TLV)

    A type of OEL recommended by ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists) for workplace safety.

    TLV-TWA (Time Weighted Average)

    A type of TLV that represents an average concentration of a substance over an 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek.

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    TLV-STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limit)

    A type of TLV that represents a short-term exposure limit of 15 minutes, allowed for only 4 times per day with at least 1 hour gap between each exposure.

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    TLV-Ceiling

    A type of TLV that represents a concentration that should never be exceeded, even for a moment.

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    Closed Type SCBA (Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus)

    A type of respiratory protection equipment that uses a self-contained air supply in a closed system.

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    Airline Breathing Apparatus

    A type of respiratory protection equipment that provides breathing air for long duration work, connected to a cylinder cascade system.

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    HAVS (Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome)

    A condition caused by prolonged exposure to vibration, particularly in the hands and arms, characterized by symptoms like white fingers, numbness, and blanching of fingers.

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    WBVS (Whole Body Vibration Syndrome)

    A condition caused by exposure to whole-body vibration, affecting the spinal cord, often experienced by flight attendants.

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    OSHA PPE Level A

    The highest level of protection for both skin and respiratory system. Requires a fully encapsulating suit with positive pressure SCBA.

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    Hyperthermia

    A condition where the body's temperature becomes too high, leading to potential health risks like heat exhaustion or heat stroke.

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    Hypothermia

    A condition where the body's temperature becomes too low, leading to potential health risks like frostbite or loss of dexterity.

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    Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD)

    A type of workplace injury caused by repeated motions or awkward postures, leading to musculoskeletal issues.

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    Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)

    A disorder specifically affecting the wrist and hand, often caused by repetitive movements.

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    Anthropometry

    The study of human body measurements and how they relate to design and workspace.

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    WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature)

    A measure that considers environmental factors like temperature, humidity, and solar radiation, influencing the body's temperature.

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    Anti-vibration Tools

    A protective measure taken to prevent the transmission of vibrations from tools or equipment to the user.

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    Ergonomics

    The process of designing products, systems, and workplaces to optimize comfort, safety, and efficiency for users.

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    Epidemiology

    The study of how diseases spread and how to prevent them.

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    Study Notes

    Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs)

    • OELs are the maximum allowable concentrations of hazardous substances in the workplace.
    • Workers can be exposed to these substances daily without adverse effects.
    • PEL (Permissible Exposure Limit): OSHA mandated standard.
    • TLV (Threshold Limit Value): ACGIH (American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists)- recommended standard.
    • REL (Recommended Exposure Limit): NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)- recommended standard.

    Types of OELs

    • TLV-TWA (Time-Weighted Average): Average exposure over an 8-hour workday, 40-hour workweek.
    • TLV-STEL (Short-Term Exposure Limit): 15-minute exposure, maximum of four times per day with at least one hour between exposures.
    • TLV-Ceiling: Exposure should never exceed this limit for even a moment.

    Hazardous Substance Examples: Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

    • TLV-TWA- 1 ppm
    • TLV-STEL- 5 ppm
    • TLV Ceiling- 20 ppm
    • IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) for H2S is 100 ppm

    Units

    • PPM (Parts Per Million) is used to measure chemical concentration.

    Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)

    • SCBA is used to supply breathable air in hazardous situations.
    • Types include:
      • Positive Pressure: Pressure inside the hood is higher than outside.
      • Negative Pressure: Pressure inside the hood is lower than outside.

    Other Topics

    • Open-type SCBA: Does not process exhaled air.
    • Closed-type SCBA: Processes and reuses exhaled air.
    • Airline Breathing Apparatus: Used for longer work durations.
    • Maximum hose line for air line BA: 300 ft (90 meters) maximum.
    • Fit Testing: Qualitative (subjective) and quantitative (numerical).
      • Qualitative uses user's sense of smell.
      • Quantitative uses instruments to measure leaks.

    Vibration

    • HAVS (Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome): Symptoms include white fingers, blanching of fingers, numbness.
    • WBVS (Whole Body Vibration Syndrome): Affects the spinal cord (flight attendants).
    • Raynaud's Phenomenon: Reduced blood flow due to vibration.

    Vibration Measurement

    • Accelerometer or vibrometer.

    Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

    • Levels of protection are categorized as A, B, C, and D.
    • Different combinations of respirators (SCBA and Chemical hoods) and garments (chemical-resistant clothing) are necessary to comply with each level.

    Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs)

    • Long-term musculoskeletal injuries from repetitive work.
    • Examples include: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, WRULD (Work-related upper limb disorders), and Tenosynovitis.
    • Ergonomics involves designing workplaces and products to fit users anthropometric dimensions and abilities, taking 95% of the population into consideration.

    Heat Stress

    • Hypothermia (low temperature), heat exhaustion, heat rash, heat stroke, heat syncope, cold burns, and chill blains.
    • WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature): Measure of environmental factors affecting deep body temperature.
    • NIOSH Lifting Index: Measure to determine if lifting scenario is appropriate for a particular body build and scenario, and the weight. A low index means it is suitable for lifting.
    • Chemical effects include:
      • Additive effect: the combined effect of multiple chemicals is equal to the sum of their individual effects.
      • Antagonistic effect: the combined effect is less than the sum of their individual effects
      • Potentiation effect: one chemical increases the toxic effect of another.
      • Synergistic effect: the combined effect is greater than the sum of individual effects.

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    CSP Work Shop- Occupational Health & Ergonomics PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers Occupational Exposure Limits (OELs) including Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL), Threshold Limit Values (TLV), and Recommended Exposure Limits (REL) established by various organizations. It discusses different types of OELs such as TLV-TWA, TLV-STEL, and TLV-Ceiling, along with examples of hazardous substances like Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S). Test your knowledge on workplace safety standards and guidelines!

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