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Questions and Answers
A primigravida reports feeling fetal movement for the first time. Based on typical gestational timelines, at how many weeks gestation would this patient most likely be?
A primigravida reports feeling fetal movement for the first time. Based on typical gestational timelines, at how many weeks gestation would this patient most likely be?
Which of the following is NOT a typical subjective symptom of pregnancy? (Choose the most correct option)
Which of the following is NOT a typical subjective symptom of pregnancy? (Choose the most correct option)
A patient is undergoing antepartal testing. Her biophysical profile (BPP) includes a non-stress test (NST) and an assessment of amniotic fluid index (AFI). Which of the following AFI values would be considered within the normal range?
A patient is undergoing antepartal testing. Her biophysical profile (BPP) includes a non-stress test (NST) and an assessment of amniotic fluid index (AFI). Which of the following AFI values would be considered within the normal range?
A pregnant patient is experiencing preterm labor with contractions. The physician orders betamethasone. What is the primary indication for this medication?
A pregnant patient is experiencing preterm labor with contractions. The physician orders betamethasone. What is the primary indication for this medication?
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A patient is prescribed magnesium sulfate during labor. Which of the following findings would indicate magnesium toxicity? (Select the best answer.)
A patient is prescribed magnesium sulfate during labor. Which of the following findings would indicate magnesium toxicity? (Select the best answer.)
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A patient at 30 weeks gestation presents with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
A patient at 30 weeks gestation presents with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
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Which medication is a folic acid antagonist that may be prescribed for an ectopic pregnancy?
Which medication is a folic acid antagonist that may be prescribed for an ectopic pregnancy?
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An Rh-negative mother receives RhoGAM during pregnancy. What is the rationale behind this intervention?
An Rh-negative mother receives RhoGAM during pregnancy. What is the rationale behind this intervention?
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A pregnant woman is diagnosed with HELLP syndrome. What underlying condition is most often associated with this complication?
A pregnant woman is diagnosed with HELLP syndrome. What underlying condition is most often associated with this complication?
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A patient at 32 weeks gestation is experiencing preterm labor. Which of the following medications is NOT a tocolytic?
A patient at 32 weeks gestation is experiencing preterm labor. Which of the following medications is NOT a tocolytic?
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A woman is currently pregnant; this is her fifth pregnancy. She previously had one set of twins born at 32 weeks, a singleton born at 39 weeks, and one miscarriage at 10 weeks. What is her GTPAL?
A woman is currently pregnant; this is her fifth pregnancy. She previously had one set of twins born at 32 weeks, a singleton born at 39 weeks, and one miscarriage at 10 weeks. What is her GTPAL?
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A patient is documented as a multipara. Which of the following statements best describes her obstetrical history?
A patient is documented as a multipara. Which of the following statements best describes her obstetrical history?
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Using Naegele's rule, what is the estimated due date (EDD) for a woman whose last menstrual period (LMP) was March 12, 2023?
Using Naegele's rule, what is the estimated due date (EDD) for a woman whose last menstrual period (LMP) was March 12, 2023?
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A woman delivered a live infant at 38 weeks gestation and another live infant at 24 weeks gestation. She is now pregnant for the third time. What is her parity?
A woman delivered a live infant at 38 weeks gestation and another live infant at 24 weeks gestation. She is now pregnant for the third time. What is her parity?
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Which of the following best describes a 'term' pregnancy?
Which of the following best describes a 'term' pregnancy?
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A woman reports amenorrhea as a reason she suspects she is pregnant. This is an example of which type of sign of pregnancy?
A woman reports amenorrhea as a reason she suspects she is pregnant. This is an example of which type of sign of pregnancy?
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A patient's obstetric history includes two pregnancies that ended at 39 weeks gestation and one pregnancy that ended at 33 weeks. What is this patient's GTPAL?
A patient's obstetric history includes two pregnancies that ended at 39 weeks gestation and one pregnancy that ended at 33 weeks. What is this patient's GTPAL?
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A patient asks you what the term 'nullipara' means. How should you respond?
A patient asks you what the term 'nullipara' means. How should you respond?
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A woman's last menstrual period was June 15, 2023. Using Naegele's rule, what is her estimated due date (EDD)?
A woman's last menstrual period was June 15, 2023. Using Naegele's rule, what is her estimated due date (EDD)?
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A woman who has given birth to one set of triplets, which were delivered at 35 weeks gestation would be classified as:
A woman who has given birth to one set of triplets, which were delivered at 35 weeks gestation would be classified as:
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Study Notes
Gravida/Gravidity
- Gravida is the number of pregnancies a woman has had, including the current pregnancy, abortions, and twins/triplets (counted as one).
Para/Parity
- Parity is the number of viable births (after 20 weeks gestation) a woman has had, including both live births and stillbirths. Twins/triplets count as one parity.
Nullipara
- A woman who has never given birth.
Primipara
- A woman who has given birth to one child.
Multipara
- A woman who has given birth to two or more children.
Viability
- 20 weeks gestation
Total Weeks of Gestation
- 40 weeks
Preterm
- A pregnancy that reaches 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of 37 weeks (in real-world terms, 35 weeks).
Term
- A pregnancy that ends between 37 and 42 weeks gestation.
Postterm/Postdate
- A pregnancy that ends after 42 weeks gestation.
GTPAL
- Gravidity, Term Births, Preterm Births, Abortions/Miscarriages, Living Children
Naegele's Rule
- Used to estimate the Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD). Formula: EDD = LMP - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year.
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
- Subjective signs, such as missed period (amenorrhea), fatigue, breast enlargement/soreness, increased urination frequency, and nausea/vomiting (N/V).
Probable Signs of Pregnancy
- Objective signs, such as a positive pregnancy test, Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign, enlarged uterus, and possible Braxton Hicks contractions.
Positive Signs of Pregnancy
- Objective and definitive signs, such as fetal movement, detecting fetal heart tones (FHT) electronically, visualizing the fetus through ultrasound, and observing the fetus moving.
Quickening
- A woman's first awareness of fetal movement, typically between 18-20 weeks in primigravidas and 14-16 weeks in multigravidas.
Antepartal Testing
- Biophysical profile (BPP): non-stress test (NST) for reactive response, ultrasound for fetal heart rate, and amniotic fluid index (AFI) between 8 and 18 cm. Nuchal translucency involves ultrasound and serum testing during weeks 11-16 for chromosomal disorders.
Healthy People 2030 Goals
- Reducing fetal deaths after 20 weeks, increasing early and thorough prenatal care access, reducing preterm births, and increasing the proportion of women with healthy pre-pregnancy weight.
Pregnancy Hormones
- Progesterone, relaxin, prolactin, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and oxytocin. Progesterone maintains the pregnancy, relaxin relaxes muscles and ligaments, prolactin stimulates milk production, hCG prevents menstruation, and oxytocin stimulates contractions.
Tocolytics
- Drugs to stop preterm labor contractions, such as Terbutaline (Brethine) which is a beta adrenergic agonist, Nifedipine (Procardia), and Magnesium Sulfate.
Hydralazine + Labetalol
- Drugs of choice for gestational hypertension (HTN) and preeclampsia.
Betamethasone (Celestone)
- Steroid to stimulate lung surfactant production in fetuses experiencing preterm labor prior to 35 weeks.
Infertility and IVF
- Infertility is the inability to conceive after 12 months (6 months for women over age 35). Common treatments include Clomid (stimulates FSH and LH release) and Assisted Reproductive Therapy (ART).
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, a potentially life-threatening condition requiring treatment.
Placenta Previa
- Placenta covering the cervical opening. A C-section is usually required.
Placenta Abruption
- Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.
Anemia
- Hemoglobin concentration below a healthy level, defined as less than 10 g/dL for hematocrit and 36% for hemoglobin.
Gestational HTN/Preeclampsia/Eclampsia
- Elevated blood pressure during pregnancy, with possible complications like blurred vision, dizziness, headache, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, seizures.
HELLP Syndrome + DIC
- Severe complication of preeclampsia involving hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets. Can lead to disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Gestational Diabetes
- Diabetes during pregnancy, with hypoglycemia as a potential concern for the newborn.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Excessive vomiting during pregnancy, leading to electrolyte, metabolic, and nutritional imbalances.
Smoking, Alcohol, and Drug Use Effects
- Smoking, alcohol, and drug use negatively affect fetal development.
Abortion vs. IUFD
- Abortion occurs before 20 weeks, while intrauterine fetal demise occurs after 20 weeks.
Incompetent Cervix
- Premature dilation of the cervix during pregnancy, often requiring treatment like cerclage.
TORCH Infections
- Infections that can affect a fetus, including toxoplasmosis, other infections (e.g., STIs), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes.
Group Beta Streptococcus (GBS)
- Bacterial infections common in newborns where the mother receives antibiotics during delivery to prevent complications.
RhoGAM
- Used to prevent complications in Rh-negative mothers carrying Rh-positive fetuses.
Fetal Movement
- The frequency of fetal movement (kicks) in a 2-hour period to ensure fetal well-being, typically 10 kicks within 2 hours, and the fetus should not sleep for more than 30 minutes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key obstetric terms such as gravida, para, and GTPAL. This quiz covers definitions and classifications crucial for understanding pregnancy and childbirth. Perfect for nursing students and healthcare professionals.
