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A woman is pregnant for the third time. Her first pregnancy resulted in a stillbirth at 32 weeks. Her second pregnancy resulted in the birth of twins at 38 weeks. What is her GTPAL?
A woman is pregnant for the third time. Her first pregnancy resulted in a stillbirth at 32 weeks. Her second pregnancy resulted in the birth of twins at 38 weeks. What is her GTPAL?
A woman's last menstrual period (LMP) was March 15, 2023. Based on Naegele's rule, what is her estimated due date (EDD)?
A woman's last menstrual period (LMP) was March 15, 2023. Based on Naegele's rule, what is her estimated due date (EDD)?
A woman who has never given birth to a viable baby is considered a:
A woman who has never given birth to a viable baby is considered a:
Which of the following symptoms of pregnancy is considered a presumptive sign?
Which of the following symptoms of pregnancy is considered a presumptive sign?
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A pregnancy that lasts beyond 42 weeks of gestation is classified as:
A pregnancy that lasts beyond 42 weeks of gestation is classified as:
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What is the minimum number of weeks gestation required to define a baby as viable?
What is the minimum number of weeks gestation required to define a baby as viable?
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A woman who is pregnant with her 5th child has had 2 previous preterm births and 1 previous term birth. What is her GTPAL?
A woman who is pregnant with her 5th child has had 2 previous preterm births and 1 previous term birth. What is her GTPAL?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that is considered when determining parity?
Which of the following is NOT a factor that is considered when determining parity?
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What is the primary purpose of progesterone during pregnancy?
What is the primary purpose of progesterone during pregnancy?
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Which sign is a positive indicator of pregnancy?
Which sign is a positive indicator of pregnancy?
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What defines quickening in pregnancy?
What defines quickening in pregnancy?
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What is the recommended daily intake of folic acid during pregnancy?
What is the recommended daily intake of folic acid during pregnancy?
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Which medication is used as a tocolytic to stop preterm labor?
Which medication is used as a tocolytic to stop preterm labor?
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What is the main concern during ectopic pregnancy?
What is the main concern during ectopic pregnancy?
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How is placenta previa primarily managed?
How is placenta previa primarily managed?
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What defines gestational hypertension?
What defines gestational hypertension?
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Which of the following is a side effect of Terbutaline?
Which of the following is a side effect of Terbutaline?
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What is the purpose of administering Betamethasone during pregnancy?
What is the purpose of administering Betamethasone during pregnancy?
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What is HELLP syndrome associated with?
What is HELLP syndrome associated with?
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Which nutrient deficiency can lead to anemia in pregnancy?
Which nutrient deficiency can lead to anemia in pregnancy?
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What does the term 'incompetent cervix' refer to?
What does the term 'incompetent cervix' refer to?
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What is one effect of smoking during pregnancy?
What is one effect of smoking during pregnancy?
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Study Notes
Gravida/Gravidity
- A woman who is pregnant.
- Number of pregnancies.
- Includes current pregnancy.
- Includes abortions.
- Twins/triplets count as one gravidity.
Para/Parity
- A woman who has given birth.
- Number of viable births (after 20 weeks gestation).
- Includes both live births and stillbirths.
- Twins/triplets count as one parity.
Nullipara
- A woman who has never given birth.
Primipara
- A woman's first birth.
Multipara
- A woman who has given birth to 2 or more children.
Viability
- 20 weeks gestation.
- Total weeks of gestation: 40 weeks.
Preterm
- A pregnancy that reaches 20 weeks gestation but ends before 37 weeks.
- Real-world range is around 35 weeks.
Term
- A pregnancy that ends between 37 and 42 weeks.
Postterm/Postdate
- A pregnancy that ends after 42 weeks.
GTPAL
- Gravidity
- Term Births
- Preterm Births
- Abortions/Miscarriages
- Living Children
Naegele's Rule
- Calculating estimated date of delivery (EDD).
- EDD = LMP - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year.
Types of Signs/Symptoms of Pregnancy
Presumptive
- Subjective symptoms.
- Period (amenorrhea).
- Tiredness/fatigue.
- Enlarged breasts.
- Sore breasts.
- Increased urination frequency.
- Movement/feeling (quickening).
- Nausea/vomiting (N/V).
Probable
- Objective symptoms.
- All the signs of pregnancy (objective).
- Positive pregnancy test.
- Goodell's sign.
- Chadwick's sign.
- Hegar's sign.
- Enlarged uterus.
- Ballottement.
- Braxton Hicks contractions.
Positive
- All definitive objective symptoms.
- Fetal movement palpated.
- Electronic fetal heart tone (FHT) detected.
- Ultrasound detects baby.
- Seeing visible fetal movements.
Quickening
- First awareness of fetal movement.
- 18-20 weeks (primigravida) or 14-16 weeks (multigravida).
Antepartal Testing
- Biophysical Profile (BPP): Non-stress test (NST), Ultrasound for fetal heart rate (HR), Amniotic fluid index (AFI) (8-18 cm).
- Nuchal translucency: Ultrasound and serum testing (11-16 weeks) for chromosomal disorders.
Healthy People 2030 Goals
- Reduce fetal deaths.
- Increase the proportion of pregnant women receiving early and adequate prenatal care.
- Reduce preterm births.
- Increase the proportion of women with a healthy weight before pregnancy.
Pregnancy Hormones
- Progesterone - sustained uterine growth, prevents contractions.
- Relaxin - relaxes smooth muscles, joints, and ligaments.
- Prolactin - stimulates breast milk production.
- hCG - prevents menstruation.
- Oxytocin - stimulates contractions, labor.
Tocolytics (for Stopping Labor)
- Terbutaline (Brethine): beta adrenergic receptor agonist; bronchodilator; tocolytic.
- Nifedipine (Procardia): calcium channel blocker; antihypertensive; tocolytic.
- Magnesium sulfate: tocolytic (used to stop contractions or seizures).
Betamethasone (Celestone)
- Used to stimulate lung surfactant production in fetuses at risk of preterm delivery (less than 35 weeks gestation.)
- Has adverse side effects.
Infertility/In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)
- Infertility defined.
- Treatment method (Clomid, IVF = Assisted Reproductive Therapy (ART)).
Ectopic Pregnancy
- Implantation outside the uterus.
- Causes concern for hemorrhage and infection.
Placenta Previa
- Placenta in the lower uterine segment, obstructing birth canal.
- Requires C-section.
Placenta Abruption
- Premature separation of placenta from uterus.
- Medical emergency.
Anemia
- Hct below 10, Hgb below 36%
Gestational HTN/Preeclampsia/Eclampsia
- Hypertension.
- Symptoms include blurred vision, dizziness, headaches, epigastric pain, nausea/vomiting, and seizures.
HELLP Syndrome + DIC Syndrome
- Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets.
- Can occur as a complication of severe preeclampsia.
- Potential for DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation).
Gestational Diabetes
- Hypoglycemia in the newborn is the main concern.
- Newborn's glucose should be more than 40.
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Excessive vomiting during pregnancy.
- Electrolyte, metabolic, nutritional imbalances.
Smoking, Alcohol, and Drug Use Effects on Pregnancy
- Smoking (IUGR, Interuterine Growth Restriction).
- Alcohol (fetal alcohol syndrome).
- Marijuana: negative effect on neurological development.
Abortion vs. IUFD
- Abortion (before 20 weeks).
- Intrauterine Fetal Demise (after 20 weeks).
Incompetent Cervix
- Spontaneous premature dilation of cervix in the second trimester.
- Tx: cerclage.
TORCH Infections
- Toxoplasmosis, other infections (STIs, varicella, hep B, human parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes.
- Group B Streptococcus (GBS), screening and antibiotic prevention during delivery.
RH0(D) GAM
- Given to Rh negative mothers.
- Prevents complications in future pregnancies.
Fetal Movement
- 10 kicks in 2 hours; fetus should not sleep over 30 minutes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential obstetric terms such as gravidity, parity, and viability. This quiz covers important concepts related to pregnancy and childbirth, including GTPAL and Naegele's Rule for estimating delivery dates. Perfect for students in nursing or medical courses.
