Obstetrics Terminology Quiz

Gravida/Gravidity

• Refers to the number of pregnancies a woman has had, including the current pregnancy, abortions, and multiples
• Twins/triplets count as one gravidity

Para/Parity

• Refers to the number of viable births a woman has had, including live births and stillbirths
• Twins/triplets count as one parity

Nullipara

• A woman who has never given birth

Primipara

• A woman who has given birth to one child (first birth)

Multipara

• A woman who has given birth to two or more children

Viability

• 20 weeks gestation

Total Weeks of Gestation

• 40 weeks

Preterm

• A pregnancy that reaches 20 weeks gestation but ends before 37 weeks

Term

• A pregnancy that ends between 37-42 weeks

Postterm/Postdate

• A pregnancy lasting longer than 42 weeks

GTPAL

• A way to document pregnancy history
• Gravidity, Term Births, Preterm Births, Abortions/Miscarriages, Living Children

Naegele's Rule

• A method for calculating an estimated due date (EDD)
• EDD = LMP - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year

Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy

• All subjective signs
• Period (amenorrhea), fatigue, enlarged breasts, sore breasts, increased urination frequency, nausea/vomiting (N/V)

Probable Signs of Pregnancy

• Objective signs (evidence)
• Positive pregnancy test, Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign, enlarged uterus, ballottement, Braxton Hicks contractions

Positive Signs of Pregnancy

• Definitive signs (clear proof)
• Fetal movement palpated, fetal heart tones detected, ultrasound detection of the fetus, visualization of fetal movements

Quickening

• A woman's first awareness of fetal movement
• First occurs between 18-20 weeks in primigravidas and 14-16 weeks in multigravidas

Antepartal Testing

• Biophysical profile (BPP): NST (non-stress test), ultrasound for fetal heart rate, and amniotic fluid index (AFI)
• AFI should be between 8-18 cm

Nuchal Translucency

• Ultrasound and serum testing between 11-16 weeks
• Screens for chromosomal disorders

Healthy People 2030 Goals

• Reduce fetal deaths at 20+ weeks
• Increase prenatal care for pregnant women
• Reduce preterm births
• Increase proportion of women with healthy weight pre-pregnancy

Pregnancy Hormones

• Progesterone, relaxin, prolactin, hCG, oxytocin

Diet

• Folic acid (600 mcg/day): prevents neural tube defects
• Iron (27 mg): prevents anemia

Tocolytics

• Terbutaline (Brethine), Nifedipine (Procardia), Magnesium Sulfate
• Used to stop contractions to prevent preterm labor

Magnesium Sulfate

• Tocolytic used to stop contractions or seizures
• Therapeutic range: 1.2-2.1 mg/dL, 6-8 mg/dL in labor.
• Calcium gluconate is the antidote

Hydralazine + Labetalol

• Drugs of choice for gestation HTN and preeclampsia

Betamethasone (Celestone)

• Steroid used to stimulate production of lung surfactant in fetuses
• Used when preterm labor is suspected and gestation is less than 35 weeks

Infertility + IVF

• Inability to conceive after 12 months (6 months if over 35)
• Treatment may include Clomid (to stimulate FSH and LH) + IVF (Assisted Reproductive Therapy)

Ectopic Pregnancy

• Fertilized egg implants outside of the uterus (typically fallopian tubes)
• Biggest concern = hemorrhage and infection
• Can often be treated surgically or with methotrexate to resolve.

Placenta Previa

• Placenta covers the cervical opening
• Medical emergency, a C-section is a required delivery method

Placenta Abruption

• Placenta separates from the uterine wall prematurely
• Medical emergency
• Manifests as painful bleeding and sudden severe abdominal pain

Anemia

• Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels below expected values
• Signs may include palpitation or shortness of breath.

Gestational Hypertension/Preeclampsia/Eclampsia

• High blood pressure during pregnancy
• May experience blurred vision, dizziness, headache, epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting
• In severe cases, seizures may occur

HELLP Syndrome + DIC Syndrome

• Complication of severe or untreated preeclampsia (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets)
• DIC syndrome can occur
• Signs may include hematuria, jaundice, epigastric pain

Gestational Diabetes

• High blood sugar during pregnancy
• Hypoglycemia is a major concern for newborns. Newborn glucose values are expected to be above 40 mg/dL

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

• Excessive vomiting during pregnancy
• Hydration and electrolyte management are crucial due to metabolic and nutritional imbalance

Smoking, Alcohol, and Drug Use Effects

• Smoking: IUGR, low birth weight
• Alcohol: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
• Marijuana: neurological development issues in the fetus
• Heroin, etc: physical withdrawal effects

Abortion vs IUFD

• Abortion: Termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks
• IUFD: Intrauterine fetal demise (death of a fetus during pregnancy after 20 weeks)

Incompetent Cervix

• Premature dilation of the cervix during pregnancy
• Treated with cerclage to sew the cervix closed until the fetus is viable

TORCH Infections

• Includes: Toxoplasmosis, other infections (STIs, varicella, hepatitis B, parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes

GBS (Group B Streptococcus)

• Normal bacteria, but can cause serious infections in newborns
• Mothers routinely receive antibiotics to reduce potential complications

RhoGAM

• Given to Rh-negative mothers to prevent complications in future pregnancies

Fetal Movement

• 10 kicks or movements in 2 hours

Test your knowledge of obstetrics terminology with this quiz that covers essential definitions such as gravida, para, and viability. Dive into details about pregnancy classifications and learn important concepts like Naegele's Rule and GTPAL. Perfect for students in medical or nursing fields to enhance their understanding of pregnancy-related terms.