21 Questions
Which of the following is a diagnostic validator for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Symptoms
What are obsessions in OCD characterized by?
Persistent thoughts
What is the most common comorbid psychiatric disorder in individuals with OCD?
Anxiety disorder
Which neurotransmitter has been linked to lower-than-normal levels in individuals with OCD?
Serotonin
What is the first-line, evidence-based intervention for OCD?
Exposure and response prevention (ERP)
Which combination of treatments has been found to be most effective for OCD?
ERP with an SSRI or clomipramine
What is a common characteristic of individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Preoccupation with a perceived defect or flaw in physical appearance
Which of the following is a characteristic of obsessions in OCD?
They cause significant distress or impaired functioning
What is the prevalence rate of OCD in males compared to females in adulthood?
Females have a slightly higher prevalence rate than males
What is the most common comorbid psychiatric disorder in individuals with OCD?
Anxiety disorder
Which area of the brain has been found to have elevated activity in individuals with OCD?
Caudate nucleus
Which treatment for OCD involves exposing patients to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and preventing them from engaging in ritualistic behaviors?
Exposure and response prevention
What is a common behavior exhibited by individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Mirror checking
What do individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder often believe about other people?
They are mocking them
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of obsessions in OCD?
Connected in a realistic way to their goal
What is the prevalence rate of OCD in females compared to males in childhood?
Higher
What is the most common comorbid psychiatric disorder in individuals with OCD?
Anxiety disorder
Which of the following is a first-line, evidence-based intervention for OCD?
Exposure and response prevention
Which neurotransmitter has been linked to lower-than-normal levels in individuals with OCD?
Serotonin
What is a common behavior exhibited by individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder?
Skin picking
Which area of the brain has been found to have elevated activity in individuals with OCD?
Caudate nucleus
Study Notes
Diagnostic Validators and Characteristics of OCD
- The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) is a diagnostic validator for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
- Obsessions in OCD are characterized by recurrent, intrusive, and distressing thoughts, urges, or images that an individual attempts to suppress or ignore.
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders and Neurotransmitters
- The most common comorbid psychiatric disorder in individuals with OCD is major depressive disorder.
- Lower-than-normal levels of serotonin have been linked to OCD.
Interventions and Treatments
- Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is the first-line, evidence-based intervention for OCD.
- The combination of ERP and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) has been found to be most effective for OCD.
- ERP involves exposing patients to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and preventing them from engaging in ritualistic behaviors.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
- A common characteristic of individuals with body dysmorphic disorder is preoccupation with a perceived flaw in their appearance.
- Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder often believe that others are judgmental about their appearance.
- They often exhibit camouflaging behaviors, such as excessive grooming or wearing excessive clothing to conceal the perceived flaw.
Brain Activity and Prevalence
- The orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex have been found to have elevated activity in individuals with OCD.
- The prevalence rate of OCD is approximately equal in males and females in adulthood, but females are more commonly affected in childhood.
Test your knowledge on Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders. This quiz covers the symptoms, comorbidity, and treatment response of disorders such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Challenge yourself with questions on diagnostic validators and gain a deeper understanding of these disorders.
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