Patho - Nutritional Diseases (trans)
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Questions and Answers

What is the status of global malnutrition in 2021?

  • Over 149 million children under 5 were stunted (correct)
  • Almost 30 million children were nutritionally at risk
  • 150 million children under 5 were wasted
  • Over 45 million adults were underweight

    • Which of the following is a known consequence of maternal nutritional risk?

  • Lowered risk of metabolic disorders
  • Increased likelihood of obesity in children
  • Stunted growth in children (correct)
  • Decreased incidence of vitamin deficiencies

    • What fraction of the general population in the Philippines is deficient in zinc?

  • 1/4 (correct)
  • 1/2
  • 1/10
  • 3/4

    • Which condition is characterized by severe protein-energy malnutrition?

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of women in the Philippines are considered nutritionally at risk?

    <p>1/5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes marasmus?

    <p>Severe undernourishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way have the rates of overweight children changed over time?

    <p>They have increased over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary functions of zinc in the body?

    <p>Supports immune system function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Substantial energy deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is PRIMARY MALNUTRITION caused by?

    <p>Inadequate intake of proteins and calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes SECONDARY MALNUTRITION?

    <p>Deficiencies in digestion and absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of malnutrition?

    <p>Poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may result from malnutrition that affects serum albumin levels?

    <p>Generalized or dependent edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a consequence of malnutrition?

    <p>Improved digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about obesity is correct?

    <p>Lifestyle and environment play a role in obesity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can malnutrition affect health risk?

    <p>Increases susceptibility to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does lifestyle have in the development of obesity?

    <p>Lifestyle can modify genetic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is closely associated with obesity?

    <p>Decreased energy expenditure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical implications is important for managing obesity?

    <p>Implementing behavior modification strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Kwashiorkor?

    <p>Deficiency in dietary protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder has the highest death rate of any psychiatric disorder?

    <p>Anorexia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant characteristic of bulimia nervosa compared to anorexia nervosa?

    <p>More common occurrence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which scenarios is Kwashiorkor most likely to occur?

    <p>Periods of famine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common consequence of early weaning and insufficient protein intake in children?

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is a well-known public figure that struggled with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Karen Carpenter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes an appropriate or balanced diet?

    <p>Mainly consisting of fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutrient is primarily responsible for providing energy?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can severe acute malnutrition also be referred to as?

    <p>Protein-energy malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are amino acids and fatty acids classified as?

    <p>Building blocks of proteins and lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of dietary imbalances?

    <p>Malnutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identifying clinical signs and symptoms is crucial for which type of disorders?

    <p>Nutritional deficiencies and excesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which foods are sources of essential amino acids?

    <p>Meat, poultry, and fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pathophysiological mechanisms of nutritional disorders involve understanding what?

    <p>The interplay between nutrition and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a dietary excess disorder?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary component should make up a significant portion of our diet?

    <p>Whole grains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically masked by fluid retention in children with severe kwashiorkor?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight for height ratio classification for children with severe acute malnutrition?

    <p>3SD &lt; Normal Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic skin condition associated with severe acute malnutrition?

    <p>Flaky paint-like lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect on hair in children diagnosed with kwashiorkor?

    <p>Thin and brittle hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cerebral atrophy in children with severe acute malnutrition indicate?

    <p>Impacted cognitive function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nutritional imbalance is associated with severe acute malnutrition?

    <p>Imbalance of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical change in the small bowel is observed in severe acute malnutrition?

    <p>Mucosal atrophy and loss of villi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition may result in muscle wasting alongside edema in children with kwashiorkor?

    <p>Significant muscle loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary issue is largely responsible for severe acute malnutrition like kwashiorkor?

    <p>Ignorance and failure of diet supplementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the common effects of immune suppression in children suffering from severe malnutrition?

    <p>Prone to infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Nutritional Diseases

    • Malnutrition is a major global health issue affecting millions of children worldwide.
    • In the Philippines, a significant portion of the population faces nutritional challenges.

    Dietary Insufficiency

    • A consequence of insufficient intake of proteins and calories is called primary malnutrition.
    • Secondary malnutrition is caused by issues with digestion, absorption, utilization, storage, excess loss or increased need.

    Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)

    • Also known as protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), it is a severe form of malnutrition primarily caused by protein deficiency.
    • Primarily affects children in developing countries.

    Marasmus

    • Causes: A combination of protein and calorie deficiency.
    • Symptoms: Significant weight loss, severe muscle wasting, wrinkled skin, visible ribs, no edema, slow development, and apathy.

    Kwashiorkor

    • Causes: Severe protein deprivation, often associated with insufficient protein intake.
    • Symptoms: Edema, distended abdomen (pot belly), hepatomegaly, flaky paint-like skin lesions, thin and brittle hair, stunted growth, apathy, and lethargy.

    Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

    • Anorexia Nervosa: A severe eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image, and severe food restriction.
    • Bulimia Nervosa: Characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors like vomiting, excessive exercise, or laxative abuse.
    • The highest death rate of any psychiatric disorder.
    • More common than anorexia nervosa, with a better prognosis.
    • The neurobiologic explanation might relate to altered serotonin metabolism.

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    Nutritional Diseases Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    This quiz delves into various nutritional diseases, focusing on malnutrition's types and effects, particularly among children in developing countries. Explore the concepts of primary and secondary malnutrition, and learn about severe acute malnutrition, marasmus, and kwashiorkor.

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