Nutrition Chapter 4.4: Gut Reaction
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum frequency of bowel movements considered healthy according to the American Gastroenterological Association?

  • One bowel movement per day
  • One bowel movement per week
  • Three bowel movements per week (correct)
  • Two bowel movements per week

    • Which group of people is more likely to be affected by constipation?

  • People with high dietary fiber intake
  • Older adults and pregnant women (correct)
  • Individuals who exercise regularly
  • Young adults and athletes

    • What is a possible cause of constipation?

  • High water intake
  • Regular exercise
  • A healthy diet
  • Lack of dietary fiber (correct)

    • What can happen when people regularly ignore their normal bowel urges?

    <p>They may experience constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of chronic constipation?

    <p>Increased risk of inflamed hemorrhoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of constipation?

    <p>Feces are dry or hard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can change the frequency of bowel movements?

    <p>Changes in typical routine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is discussed in Chapter 5?

    <p>Common intestinal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of dehydration in young children?

    <p>Sunken eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of heartburn?

    <p>Passage of acidic contents from the stomach into the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

    <p>Esophageal ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a dietary recommendation for managing GERD?

    <p>Consuming smaller, more frequent meals that are low in fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can over-the-counter antacids do to relieve heartburn?

    <p>Neutralize excess stomach acid and relieve discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a symptom of a peptic ulcer?

    <p>Dull or burning pain in the upper abdominal area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of a peptic ulcer?

    <p>Erosion through the stomach or intestinal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended to reduce the risk of heartburn?

    <p>Losing excess body fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common location of a peptic ulcer?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of frequent watery stools in cases of severe diarrhea?

    <p>Dehydration and excessive losses of electrolytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended action to take if you have GERD?

    <p>Taking medications that inhibit stomach acid production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of vomiting?

    <p>To remove harmful food or beverages from the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of diarrhea?

    <p>Viral or bacterial infections of the intestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is prompt treatment of severe diarrhea crucial for infants and older adults?

    <p>Because they can become dehydrated quickly due to the loss of body water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of a serious intestinal disease that may accompany diarrhea?

    <p>Bloody stools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vomiting center in the brain?

    <p>To initiate vomiting in response to toxic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of repeated vomiting?

    <p>Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should an adult contact a physician if experiencing vomiting?

    <p>If vomiting lasts for more than a day or dehydration develops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for vomiting?

    <p>Sipping small amounts of water or clear liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of dehydration that may accompany vomiting?

    <p>Sunken eyes and dry mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of colorectal cancer?

    <p>Bloody bowel movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer?

    <p>Having a family history of colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended age for adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer to begin regular screening tests?

    <p>45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of biological therapy in treating colorectal cancer?

    <p>To use antibodies to detect and bind to cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible complication of inflammatory bowel disease?

    <p>Colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for colorectal cancer?

    <p>Surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible symptom of irritable bowel syndrome?

    <p>Abdominal cramps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer?

    <p>Having a family history of colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radiation therapy in treating colorectal cancer?

    <p>To use high-energy rays to kill cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common sign of colorectal cancer?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the flexible scope used in upper endoscopy?

    <p>To transmit images of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine to a screen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacteria that is largely responsible for the development of stomach ulcers?

    <p>Helicobacter pylori</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common factor associated with the development of peptic ulcers?

    <p>Smoking cigarettes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated percentage of Americans who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>10-15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

    <p>It is characterized by intestinal cramps, bloating, and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a type of diet that may help some people with IBS?

    <p>Low-FODMAP diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths among adults in the United States?

    <p>Colorectal cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ affected by colorectal cancer?

    <p>Colon or rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common risk factor for colorectal cancer?

    <p>Having a family history of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the table that lists the major signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer?

    <p>Table 4.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gastrointestinal Disorders

    • Constipation:
      • Affects older adults and pregnant women
      • Caused by lack of dietary fiber, low water intake, certain medications, health conditions (diabetes, Parkinson's disease), and ignoring bowel urges
      • Can lead to discomfort, hemorrhoids, and diverticula
    • Diarrhea:
      • Characterized by frequent bowel movements with loose stools
      • Caused by bacterial or viral infections, increased GI motility, and excessive water secretion
      • Can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, especially in infants and older adults
    • Vomiting:
      • A response to toxic substances, food allergies, motion sickness, hormonal changes, and intense pain
      • Can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if not treated promptly
      • May be a sign of serious conditions, such as intestinal blockages, appendicitis, and cancer

    Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

    • Characterized by frequent heartburn and acid reflux
    • Caused by acid reflux, being pregnant, smoking, excess body fat, and consuming certain foods
    • Can lead to esophageal ulcers, bleeding, and cancer if not treated properly
    • Typical dietary advice includes consuming smaller, more frequent meals, avoiding trigger foods, and taking medications to inhibit stomach acid production

    Peptic Ulcer

    • A sore that occurs in the lining of the stomach or upper small intestine
    • Causes include H. pylori infection, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and use of NSAIDs
    • Can lead to bleeding, perforation, and infection if not treated promptly
    • Detection involves upper endoscopy, and treatment includes antibiotics, medications to reduce stomach acid production, and avoiding NSAIDs

    Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

    • Characterized by intestinal cramps, bloating, gas, and abnormal bowel function
    • Causes are unknown, but may be triggered by gastrointestinal infections, emotional stress, and sensitivity to nervous stimulation
    • Treatment involves individualized therapy, elimination diets, stress management, and medications

    Colorectal Cancer

    • The second-leading cause of cancer deaths among adults in the United States
    • Major signs and symptoms include changes in bowel movements, bloody stools, abdominal cramps, and unexplained weight loss
    • Major risk factors include being over 50, having colorectal polyps, family history, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, type 2 diabetes, and lifestyle factors
    • Treatment usually involves surgery, chemotherapy, biological therapy, or radiation therapy, and early detection is crucial.

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    Description

    This quiz covers common gastrointestinal disorders, including colorectal cancer, their causes, prevention, and treatment. It also touches on occasional digestive issues such as constipation, vomiting, and diarrhea.

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