Nutrition Chapter 4.4: Gut Reaction

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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum frequency of bowel movements considered healthy according to the American Gastroenterological Association?

  • One bowel movement per day
  • One bowel movement per week
  • Three bowel movements per week (correct)
  • Two bowel movements per week

Which group of people is more likely to be affected by constipation?

  • People with high dietary fiber intake
  • Older adults and pregnant women (correct)
  • Individuals who exercise regularly
  • Young adults and athletes

What is a possible cause of constipation?

  • High water intake
  • Regular exercise
  • A healthy diet
  • Lack of dietary fiber (correct)

What can happen when people regularly ignore their normal bowel urges?

<p>They may experience constipation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of chronic constipation?

<p>Increased risk of inflamed hemorrhoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of constipation?

<p>Feces are dry or hard (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can change the frequency of bowel movements?

<p>Changes in typical routine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is discussed in Chapter 5?

<p>Common intestinal conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of dehydration in young children?

<p>Sunken eyes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of heartburn?

<p>Passage of acidic contents from the stomach into the esophagus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

<p>Esophageal ulcers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a dietary recommendation for managing GERD?

<p>Consuming smaller, more frequent meals that are low in fat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can over-the-counter antacids do to relieve heartburn?

<p>Neutralize excess stomach acid and relieve discomfort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of a peptic ulcer?

<p>Dull or burning pain in the upper abdominal area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of a peptic ulcer?

<p>Erosion through the stomach or intestinal wall (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended to reduce the risk of heartburn?

<p>Losing excess body fat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common location of a peptic ulcer?

<p>Stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of frequent watery stools in cases of severe diarrhea?

<p>Dehydration and excessive losses of electrolytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended action to take if you have GERD?

<p>Taking medications that inhibit stomach acid production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vomiting?

<p>To remove harmful food or beverages from the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of diarrhea?

<p>Viral or bacterial infections of the intestinal tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is prompt treatment of severe diarrhea crucial for infants and older adults?

<p>Because they can become dehydrated quickly due to the loss of body water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of a serious intestinal disease that may accompany diarrhea?

<p>Bloody stools (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the vomiting center in the brain?

<p>To initiate vomiting in response to toxic substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of repeated vomiting?

<p>Electrolyte imbalance and dehydration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should an adult contact a physician if experiencing vomiting?

<p>If vomiting lasts for more than a day or dehydration develops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment for vomiting?

<p>Sipping small amounts of water or clear liquids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of dehydration that may accompany vomiting?

<p>Sunken eyes and dry mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of colorectal cancer?

<p>Bloody bowel movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer?

<p>Having a family history of colorectal cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended age for adults with an average risk of colorectal cancer to begin regular screening tests?

<p>45 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of biological therapy in treating colorectal cancer?

<p>To use antibodies to detect and bind to cancer cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible complication of inflammatory bowel disease?

<p>Colorectal cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for colorectal cancer?

<p>Surgery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a possible symptom of irritable bowel syndrome?

<p>Abdominal cramps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for colorectal cancer?

<p>Having a family history of colorectal cancer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of radiation therapy in treating colorectal cancer?

<p>To use high-energy rays to kill cancer cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common sign of colorectal cancer?

<p>All of the above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the flexible scope used in upper endoscopy?

<p>To transmit images of the lining of the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine to a screen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the bacteria that is largely responsible for the development of stomach ulcers?

<p>Helicobacter pylori (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common factor associated with the development of peptic ulcers?

<p>Smoking cigarettes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated percentage of Americans who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

<p>10-15% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

<p>It is characterized by intestinal cramps, bloating, and gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of diet that may help some people with IBS?

<p>Low-FODMAP diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second-leading cause of cancer deaths among adults in the United States?

<p>Colorectal cancer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary organ affected by colorectal cancer?

<p>Colon or rectum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk factor for colorectal cancer?

<p>Having a family history of the disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the table that lists the major signs and symptoms of colorectal cancer?

<p>Table 4.4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Gastrointestinal Disorders

  • Constipation:
    • Affects older adults and pregnant women
    • Caused by lack of dietary fiber, low water intake, certain medications, health conditions (diabetes, Parkinson's disease), and ignoring bowel urges
    • Can lead to discomfort, hemorrhoids, and diverticula
  • Diarrhea:
    • Characterized by frequent bowel movements with loose stools
    • Caused by bacterial or viral infections, increased GI motility, and excessive water secretion
    • Can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, especially in infants and older adults
  • Vomiting:
    • A response to toxic substances, food allergies, motion sickness, hormonal changes, and intense pain
    • Can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances if not treated promptly
    • May be a sign of serious conditions, such as intestinal blockages, appendicitis, and cancer

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

  • Characterized by frequent heartburn and acid reflux
  • Caused by acid reflux, being pregnant, smoking, excess body fat, and consuming certain foods
  • Can lead to esophageal ulcers, bleeding, and cancer if not treated properly
  • Typical dietary advice includes consuming smaller, more frequent meals, avoiding trigger foods, and taking medications to inhibit stomach acid production

Peptic Ulcer

  • A sore that occurs in the lining of the stomach or upper small intestine
  • Causes include H. pylori infection, smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and use of NSAIDs
  • Can lead to bleeding, perforation, and infection if not treated promptly
  • Detection involves upper endoscopy, and treatment includes antibiotics, medications to reduce stomach acid production, and avoiding NSAIDs

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

  • Characterized by intestinal cramps, bloating, gas, and abnormal bowel function
  • Causes are unknown, but may be triggered by gastrointestinal infections, emotional stress, and sensitivity to nervous stimulation
  • Treatment involves individualized therapy, elimination diets, stress management, and medications

Colorectal Cancer

  • The second-leading cause of cancer deaths among adults in the United States
  • Major signs and symptoms include changes in bowel movements, bloody stools, abdominal cramps, and unexplained weight loss
  • Major risk factors include being over 50, having colorectal polyps, family history, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, type 2 diabetes, and lifestyle factors
  • Treatment usually involves surgery, chemotherapy, biological therapy, or radiation therapy, and early detection is crucial.

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