Gastrointestinal Disorders Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a symptom of diverticulitis?

  • Frequent bowel movements
  • Pain, bloating, and vomiting (correct)
  • Difficulty passing hardened stools
  • Steatorrhea and bulging abdomen

    • What is the main cause of celiac disease?

  • Lack of fruits and vegetables in the diet
  • Insufficient water intake
  • Overconsumption of dairy products
  • Immune-mediated response to gluten (correct)

    • How is celiac disease diagnosed?

  • IgA antigliadin antibodies (correct)
  • Endoscopy
  • Oral glucose tolerance test
  • Biopsy of the liver

    • What is a common sign of constipation in children?

    <p>Soiling underwear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a child's stool be softened?

    <p>Drinking orange or prune juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for constipation in children?

    <p>Increasing fiber intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common way H. pylori is transmitted in adolescents?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for H. pylori infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Hepatitis A?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent transmission of Hepatitis B?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Hepatitis C?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to prevent transmission of Hepatitis A?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended amount of milk for a 1-year-old child per meal?

    <p>8 ounces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of drinking milk with prebiotics?

    <p>To feed healthy bacteria in the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration for a child to sit on the toilet after meals or before bed?

    <p>10-15 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Inguinal Hernia in boys?

    <p>Delayed feces &amp; gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by the absence of ganglionic innervation to a section of the bowel?

    <p>Hirschsprung’s Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Moon face' and 'sparse hair' are associated with which form of malnutrition?

    <p>Marasmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Flag sign in the hair' is a characteristic of which condition?

    <p>Kwashiorkor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Liver disease,' 'Eye pain,' and 'Anemia' are symptoms associated with which condition?

    <p>Inflammatory Bowel Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of prebiotics in milk consumption?

    <p>Aiding digestion by feeding healthy bacteria in the colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total body weight is accounted for by body water in adults?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average percentage of total body weight accounted for by body water in children?

    <p>65-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of vomiting in children?

    <p>Viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial management for a child with vomiting?

    <p>Withhold food and fluid for a period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of chronic (long-term) diarrhea in children?

    <p>Irritable bowel syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a common bacterial pathogen that can cause diarrhea in children?

    <p>Rotavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial management for a child with mild diarrhea?

    <p>NPO for 1 hour, oral rehydration, and antipyretics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common sign of severe dehydration in a child with diarrhea?

    <p>Depressed fontanelle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended initial management for a child with severe diarrhea?

    <p>IV rehydration therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What laboratory finding is expected in a child with severe diarrhea?

    <p>Elevated hematocrit and hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>To take in and process nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT part of the upper gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if a gastrointestinal disorder is not adequately treated?

    <p>It may affect overall health, growth, and development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is health education important for children with gastrointestinal disorders and their families?

    <p>To help them appreciate the seriousness of the illness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of feeding tube mentioned in the text?

    <p>Directly to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is retaining fluid of greater importance in infants compared to adults?

    <p>Fluid constitutes a greater fraction of an infant's total weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Gastrointestinal Disorders

    • Diverticulitis: swelling of the intestinal wall, causing pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting.

    Celiac Disease

    • Abnormal immune response to gluten in wheat, rye, oats, and barley, causing malabsorption of nutrients.
    • Symptoms: steatorrhea (bulky, foul-smelling, fatty stools), malnutrition, distended abdomen, and deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins A, D, K, and E.
    • Diagnostics: IgA antigliadin antibodies, endoscopy, biopsy, and oral glucose tolerance test.
    • Treatment: gluten-free diet, including fruits, veggies, chicken, salmon, tuna, beef, cheese, plain yogurt, milk, nuts, seeds, herbs, and spices.

    Constipation

    • Difficulty passing hardened stools, affecting children of any age.
    • Causes: diet, illness, travel, hot weather, withholding stool, and stress.
    • Symptoms: soiling underwear, hard or painful stools, many days between bowel movements, stomachaches, cramping, and nausea.
    • Treatment: softening stool with orange or prune juice, adequate water intake, fiber-rich foods, and milk.

    H. pylori Infection

    • Bacterial infection causing ulcers in the stomach and small intestine.
    • Symptoms: burning in the upper abdomen, bloating, heartburn, nausea, vomiting, dark stools, and unexplained weight loss.
    • Treatment: antibiotic therapy, proton pump inhibitors, and prevention of re-infection.

    Hepatic Disorders

    • Hepatitis A, B, and C: viral infections causing fever, dark urine, pale stools, nausea, vomiting, and jaundice.
    • Symptoms: digestive disorders, diarrhea, joint pain, weakness, fatigue, headache, and sleep disruption.
    • Treatment: vaccination, immunization, and strict handwashing and infection control.

    Inguinal Hernia

    • Protrusion of the bowel into the inguinal ring, more common in boys.
    • Symptoms: tension, soreness, delayed feces, gas, hiccups, vomiting, and urinary disorders.
    • Treatment: herniotomy or herniorrhaphy.

    Hirschsprung's Disease

    • Aganglionic megacolon: absence of ganglionic innervation, causing chronic constipation and ribbon-like stools.
    • Symptoms: abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, and bowel obstruction.
    • Treatment: surgical removal of the affected bowel segment.

    Inflammatory Bowel Disease

    • Autoimmune disorder causing ulcers in the colon and rectum.
    • Symptoms: fever, fatigue, stomach pain, vomiting, weight loss, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding.
    • Treatment: anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, anti-diarrheal medications, pain relievers, vitamins, and supplements.

    Disorders Caused by Food, Vitamin, and Mineral Deficiency

    • Kwashiorkor: edematous malnutrition due to protein deficiency, causing hair loss, anemia, and swollen abdomen.
    • Marasmus: severe malnutrition due to lack of calories and protein, causing hair loss, stunted growth, and impaired brain function.
    • Treatment: dietary management with adequate carbohydrates, fats, and protein.

    Common Gastrointestinal Symptoms of Illness in Children

    • Vomiting: potentially serious due to metabolic alkalosis and dehydration.
    • Diarrhea: acute or chronic, caused by bacterial or viral infection, or other health problems.
    • Management: NPO, clear liquid diet, and gradual introduction of solid foods.

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    Description

    Explore the various disorders that can affect the gastrointestinal tract, from congenital conditions to acquired illnesses. Learn about the importance of nutrition and health education in managing GI disorders for overall well-being.

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