Nutrition: Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What percentage of the human body mass is made up of fat?

16% (correct)

62%

Which of the following elements are primarily found in carbohydrates?

Calcium, phosphorus, and potassium

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (correct)

Sodium, chloride, and nitrogen

Iron, magnesium, and sulfur

How does glucose primarily travel within the human body?

Dissolved in blood plasma (correct)

In muscle tissues

In digestive juices

In lymphatic fluid

What is the function of antibodies in the body?

Protect against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What happens to excess glucose in the human body?

It is stored as glycogen in the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about proteins is correct?

Proteins are made from a sequence of amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

$C_6H_{12}O_6$ Signup and view all the answers

What role do starch molecules play in plant cells?

They store energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA in relation to amino acids and proteins?

It determines the sequence of amino acids to form proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of atoms in glucose?

Hexagonal shape Signup and view all the answers

What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

A pairs with T and C pairs with G Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of all proteins?

Nucleotides Signup and view all the answers

What are the simplest types of carbohydrates commonly identified?

Sugars Signup and view all the answers

What shape does a DNA molecule take?

Double helix Signup and view all the answers

What is keratin primarily known for?

Making hair and fingernails Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is FALSE about DNA?

It contains four types of amino acids Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycogen in animal cells?

To act as an energy store Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is primarily found in plant cell walls?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fats from oils?

Fats are solid at room temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT found in protein molecules?

Phosphorus Signup and view all the answers

What happens when ethanol is mixed with water containing fats?

Fats form an emulsion giving a milky appearance Signup and view all the answers

How many different kinds of amino acids are used to form proteins?

20 Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fats in mammals beneath the skin?

Energy store and heat-insulating layer Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is primarily used for energy storage in plants?

Starch Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins

Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic compound in the human body, making up roughly 1% of total body mass
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
The simplest carbohydrates are sugars; sugars are soluble in water and taste sweet
Glucose is a simple sugar, a type of carbohydrate used for energy transported throughout the body via blood
Cells require glucose for energy
Glucose molecules can combine to form larger molecules like glycogen in animals. The liver is responsible for regulating glucose levels in the blood, storing excess glucose as glycogen to release energy later
Plants store glucose in the form of starch
Cellulose, another carbohydrate, forms straight chains and is used for plant cell walls

Fats and Oils

Fats and oils are also known as lipids
Fats are solid at room temperature, while oils are liquid
Fats and oils contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with less oxygen than carbohydrates
Fats are made of glycerol and fatty acid molecules
Fats are essential for cell membranes and energy storage
Fats are not soluble in water, but dissolve in ethanol
The ethanol emulsion test can be used to detect fats in food

Proteins

Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
Proteins are made of amino acid chains
There are 20 different types of amino acids in proteins
The order of amino acids determines the protein's function
Proteins have diverse roles, including enzymes, antibodies, and transporting oxygen (hemoglobin).
Proteins are important building blocks of organisms and form structures like hair and fingernails (keratin)
Proteins can be tested for using biuret reagent, which turns violet when in contact with a protein

DNA Structure

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the material for genes and chromosomes, found in the cell's nucleus
DNA is a molecule made of nucleotides.
Nucleotides are linked together to form long chains
DNA is a double helix structure formed by two strands coiling around each other
DNA has four bases: A, C, G, and T
Complementary base pairs: A with T and C with G
The order of bases determines the sequence of proteins
DNA carries instructions for proteins, impacting an organism's structure and metabolic processes

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers the essential macronutrients: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Learn about their structures, functions in the body, and how they are utilized for energy. Test your knowledge on the roles these compounds play in human health and nutrition.