Nutrition: Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the human body mass is made up of fat?

  • 6%
  • 16% (correct)
  • 1%
  • 62%

Which of the following elements are primarily found in carbohydrates?

  • Calcium, phosphorus, and potassium
  • Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (correct)
  • Sodium, chloride, and nitrogen
  • Iron, magnesium, and sulfur

How does glucose primarily travel within the human body?

  • Dissolved in blood plasma (correct)
  • In muscle tissues
  • In digestive juices
  • In lymphatic fluid

What is the function of antibodies in the body?

<p>Protect against pathogens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to excess glucose in the human body?

<p>It is stored as glycogen in the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about proteins is correct?

<p>Proteins are made from a sequence of amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

<p>$C_6H_{12}O_6$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do starch molecules play in plant cells?

<p>They store energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of DNA in relation to amino acids and proteins?

<p>It determines the sequence of amino acids to form proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of atoms in glucose?

<p>Hexagonal shape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is complementary base pairing in DNA?

<p>A pairs with T and C pairs with G (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of all proteins?

<p>Nucleotides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the simplest types of carbohydrates commonly identified?

<p>Sugars (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape does a DNA molecule take?

<p>Double helix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is keratin primarily known for?

<p>Making hair and fingernails (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is FALSE about DNA?

<p>It contains four types of amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of glycogen in animal cells?

<p>To act as an energy store (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is primarily found in plant cell walls?

<p>Cellulose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes fats from oils?

<p>Fats are solid at room temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is NOT found in protein molecules?

<p>Phosphorus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when ethanol is mixed with water containing fats?

<p>Fats form an emulsion giving a milky appearance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different kinds of amino acids are used to form proteins?

<p>20 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fats in mammals beneath the skin?

<p>Energy store and heat-insulating layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which carbohydrate is primarily used for energy storage in plants?

<p>Starch (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the most abundant compound in our bodies?

Water makes up 62% of the total body mass.

What percentage of our body mass is protein?

Protein makes up 16% of our body mass.

What percentage of our body mass is fat?

Fat makes up 16% of our body mass.

Carbohydrates

Substances that include sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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Sugars

Carbohydrates with relatively small molecules. They are soluble in water and taste sweet.

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Glucose

A simple sugar that is the primary source of energy for our cells.

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What is glycogen?

A large molecule formed by linking glucose molecules together in chains. It's stored in the liver.

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What is starch?

A large molecule formed by linking glucose molecules together in plants. It's stored in plant cells.

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Starch

A complex carbohydrate used by plant cells to store energy. It's like a pantry of glucose for plants.

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Cellulose

A complex carbohydrate that makes up plant cell walls. It's like the structure of a plant.

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Lipid

A type of molecule made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Includes fats and oils.

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Fat

A type of lipid that's solid at room temperature. It's a way for animals to store energy.

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Oil

A type of lipid that's liquid at room temperature. It's another way for animals to store energy.

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Amino Acid

The building block of proteins. There are 20 different kinds of amino acids.

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Protein

A molecule made of many amino acids linked together in a specific order.

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Antibody

A protein made by white blood cells to fight pathogens.

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Pathogen

A microorganism that causes disease.

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Keratin

A protein that forms hair and fingernails.

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Nucleotide

A subunit of DNA, composed of a base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

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Complementary base pairing

The way bases in DNA pair up: A with T and C with G.

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Study Notes

Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins

  • Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic compound in the human body, making up roughly 1% of total body mass
  • Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
  • The simplest carbohydrates are sugars; sugars are soluble in water and taste sweet
  • Glucose is a simple sugar, a type of carbohydrate used for energy transported throughout the body via blood
  • Cells require glucose for energy
  • Glucose molecules can combine to form larger molecules like glycogen in animals. The liver is responsible for regulating glucose levels in the blood, storing excess glucose as glycogen to release energy later
  • Plants store glucose in the form of starch
  • Cellulose, another carbohydrate, forms straight chains and is used for plant cell walls

Fats and Oils

  • Fats and oils are also known as lipids
  • Fats are solid at room temperature, while oils are liquid
  • Fats and oils contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with less oxygen than carbohydrates
  • Fats are made of glycerol and fatty acid molecules
  • Fats are essential for cell membranes and energy storage
  • Fats are not soluble in water, but dissolve in ethanol
  • The ethanol emulsion test can be used to detect fats in food

Proteins

  • Proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur
  • Proteins are made of amino acid chains
  • There are 20 different types of amino acids in proteins
  • The order of amino acids determines the protein's function
  • Proteins have diverse roles, including enzymes, antibodies, and transporting oxygen (hemoglobin).
  • Proteins are important building blocks of organisms and form structures like hair and fingernails (keratin)
  • Proteins can be tested for using biuret reagent, which turns violet when in contact with a protein

DNA Structure

  • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the material for genes and chromosomes, found in the cell's nucleus
  • DNA is a molecule made of nucleotides.
  • Nucleotides are linked together to form long chains
  • DNA is a double helix structure formed by two strands coiling around each other
  • DNA has four bases: A, C, G, and T
  • Complementary base pairs: A with T and C with G
  • The order of bases determines the sequence of proteins
  • DNA carries instructions for proteins, impacting an organism's structure and metabolic processes

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Related Documents

Cambridge IGCSE Biology Coursebook - Carbohydrates, Fats, and Proteins PDF

Description

This quiz covers the essential macronutrients: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Learn about their structures, functions in the body, and how they are utilized for energy. Test your knowledge on the roles these compounds play in human health and nutrition.

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