Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats

Study Notes

Carbohydrates: Provide energy for the body, 45-65% of daily calories
- Simple carbs: sugars, found in fruits, milk, honey
- Complex carbs: starches, found in grains, vegetables, fruits
Proteins: Build and repair body tissues, 15-20% of daily calories
- Essential amino acids: cannot be produced by the body, must be consumed
- Non-essential amino acids: can be synthesized by the body
Fats: Provide energy, absorb vitamins, and maintain healthy skin, 20-35% of daily calories
- Saturated fats: typically solid at room temperature, found in animal products and some plant-based sources
- Unsaturated fats: typically liquid at room temperature, found in nuts, seeds, and avocados

Vitamins: Organic compounds essential for various bodily functions
- Fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K
- Water-soluble vitamins: B, C
Minerals: Inorganic elements essential for various bodily functions
- Macro-minerals: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride
- Micro-minerals: iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, copper

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI): established by the National Academy of Sciences
- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): daily nutrient intake to meet the nutrient needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals
- Adequate Intake (AI): recommended daily nutrient intake when there is not enough scientific evidence to establish an RDA
MyPlate: a nutrition guide developed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)
- Emphasizes whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products

Malnutrition: inadequate or excessive nutrition, leading to health problems
Deficiency diseases: caused by a lack of essential nutrients
- Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
- Rickets (vitamin D deficiency)
- Anemia (iron deficiency)
Eating disorders: psychological disorders characterized by abnormal eating habits
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia nervosa
- Binge eating disorder

Carbohydrates provide energy for the body, making up 45-65% of daily calories
Simple carbohydrates are sugars found in fruits, milk, and honey
Complex carbohydrates are starches found in grains, vegetables, and fruits
Proteins build and repair body tissues, making up 15-20% of daily calories
Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed
Non-essential amino acids can be synthesized by the body
Fats provide energy, absorb vitamins, and maintain healthy skin, making up 20-35% of daily calories
Saturated fats are typically solid at room temperature and found in animal products and some plant-based sources
Unsaturated fats are typically liquid at room temperature and found in nuts, seeds, and avocados

Vitamins are organic compounds essential for various bodily functions
Fat-soluble vitamins include A, D, E, and K
Water-soluble vitamins include B and C
Minerals are inorganic elements essential for various bodily functions
Macro-minerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride
Micro-minerals include iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, and copper

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) is established by the National Academy of Sciences
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the daily nutrient intake to meet the needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals
Adequate Intake (AI) is the recommended daily nutrient intake when there is not enough scientific evidence to establish an RDA
MyPlate is a nutrition guide developed by the USDA, emphasizing whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products

Malnutrition is inadequate or excessive nutrition, leading to health problems
Deficiency diseases are caused by a lack of essential nutrients
Scurvy is a disease caused by vitamin C deficiency
Rickets is a disease caused by vitamin D deficiency
Anemia is a disease caused by iron deficiency
Eating disorders are psychological disorders characterized by abnormal eating habits
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder
Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder
Binge eating disorder is an eating disorder