Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats

Carbohydrates: primary source of energy for the body, including sugars, starches, and fibers
- Found in: grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and sugary foods
- Functions: energy production, fiber supports healthy digestion
Proteins: building blocks for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues
- Found in: meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts
- Functions: muscle growth, immune system, hormone production
Fats: energy source, helps absorb vitamins, and maintains healthy skin and hair
- Found in: animal products, oils, and fatty foods
- Functions: energy production, hormone production, brain function

Vitamins: essential for energy production, immune function, and growth
- Fat-soluble: vitamins A, D, E, and K, stored in fat tissues
- Water-soluble: vitamins B and C, not stored in the body, excess excreted
Minerals: essential for growth, maintenance, and function of body tissues
- Macrominerals: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride
- Microminerals: iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, and others

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI): established by the National Academy of Sciences to provide guidelines for nutrient intake
- Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): daily nutrient intake level to meet the nutrient needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals
- Adequate Intake (AI): daily nutrient intake level assumed to meet the nutrient needs of a healthy population
- Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): highest daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects

Malnutrition: deficiency or excess of nutrients, leading to health problems
- Undernutrition: inadequate nutrient intake, leading to stunted growth, weakened immune system, and increased risk of disease
- Overnutrition: excessive nutrient intake, leading to obesity, insulin resistance, and increased risk of chronic diseases
Nutrition-related diseases: heart disease, stroke, diabetes, certain cancers, and osteoporosis

Healthy eating patterns: emphasize whole, unprocessed foods, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats
Food labels: provide information on nutrient content, ingredients, and health claims
Nutrition and physical activity: regular physical activity and a balanced diet support overall health and well-being

Carbohydrates provide energy, found in grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and sugary foods, and support healthy digestion through fiber.
Proteins are building blocks for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues, found in meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts, and support muscle growth, immune system, and hormone production.
Fats are an energy source, help absorb vitamins, and maintain healthy skin and hair, found in animal products, oils, and fatty foods, and support energy production, hormone production, and brain function.

Vitamins are essential for energy production, immune function, and growth, with fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) stored in fat tissues, and water-soluble vitamins (B and C) not stored in the body and excess excreted.
Minerals are essential for growth, maintenance, and function of body tissues, with macrominerals including calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride, and microminerals including iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, and others.

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) provides guidelines for nutrient intake, with Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) establishing daily nutrient intake levels to meet the nutrient needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals.
Adequate Intake (AI) assumes daily nutrient intake levels meet the nutrient needs of a healthy population, and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) sets the highest daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects.

Malnutrition occurs due to deficiency or excess of nutrients, leading to health problems, with undernutrition causing stunted growth, weakened immune system, and increased risk of disease, and overnutrition leading to obesity, insulin resistance, and increased risk of chronic diseases.
Nutrition-related diseases include heart disease, stroke, diabetes, certain cancers, and osteoporosis.

Healthy eating patterns emphasize whole, unprocessed foods, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, supporting overall health and well-being.
Food labels provide information on nutrient content, ingredients, and health claims, enabling informed food choices.
Nutrition and physical activity are interrelated, with regular physical activity and a balanced diet supporting overall health and well-being.

Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy for the body, including sugars, starches, and fibers.
Found in grains, fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and sugary foods, carbohydrates support energy production and healthy digestion through fiber.
Proteins are the building blocks for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues, found in meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, legumes, and nuts.
Proteins function in muscle growth, immune system, and hormone production.
Fats are an energy source, help absorb vitamins, and maintain healthy skin and hair, found in animal products, oils, and fatty foods.
Fats function in energy production, hormone production, and brain function.

Vitamins are essential for energy production, immune function, and growth.
Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are stored in fat tissues, while water-soluble vitamins (B and C) are not stored in the body and excess is excreted.
Minerals are essential for growth, maintenance, and function of body tissues.
Macrominerals include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and chloride, while microminerals include iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, and others.

The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) provides guidelines for nutrient intake, established by the National Academy of Sciences.
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the daily nutrient intake level to meet the nutrient needs of 97-98% of healthy individuals.
The Adequate Intake (AI) is the daily nutrient intake level assumed to meet the nutrient needs of a healthy population.
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the highest daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects.

Malnutrition is a deficiency or excess of nutrients, leading to health problems.
Undernutrition is inadequate nutrient intake, leading to stunted growth, weakened immune system, and increased risk of disease.
Overnutrition is excessive nutrient intake, leading to obesity, insulin resistance, and increased risk of chronic diseases.
Nutrition-related diseases include heart disease, stroke, diabetes, certain cancers, and osteoporosis.

Healthy eating patterns emphasize whole, unprocessed foods, fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
Food labels provide information on nutrient content, ingredients, and health claims.
Nutrition and physical activity are interconnected, with regular physical activity and a balanced diet supporting overall health and well-being.