Nursing Theories: King & Neuman

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which component of King's model is reflected in X.X.'s situation regarding financial difficulties and health impacts on learning?

Interpersonal

Environmental

Personal (correct)

Social

After a stroke, R.R. is working on walking again. What level of prevention according to Neuman's theory is this patient receiving?

Primary

Secondary

Preventive

Tertiary (correct)

In assisting S.S. with asthma, which nursing system was employed when positioning the patient in a semi-fowler position?

Independence

Partial compensatory (correct)

Supportive-education

Wholly compensatory

What level of prevention is Nurse Q.Q. practicing by conducting educational sessions about alcohol consumption in schools?

Primary Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of Sister Callista Roy's theory relates to understanding one's role in society?

Role function Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of nursing according to the Adaptation Model?

To facilitate adaptation for individuals and groups Signup and view all the answers

What does the regulator subsystem in the Adaptation Model primarily focus on?

Physiological coping mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic need according to the Physiological-Physical Mode?

Recreation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nursing, what does the term 'adaptation' refer to?

The process of maintaining health while accepting illness Signup and view all the answers

What role do nurses play in promoting positive adaptation according to the Adaptation Model?

They assess behaviors and enhance environmental interactions. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the cognator subsystem?

It involves personal coping strategies based on self-concept. Signup and view all the answers

How are the four adaptive modes expressed in the Adaptation Model?

Through external expressions of internal processes Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential for a person to maintain health according to the Adaptation Model?

Effective environmental adaptation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the Self-Concept Group Identity Mode in the Adaptation Model?

Achieving a sense of identity integrity Signup and view all the answers

Which process is characterized by stable physiological and psychological integration in response to environmental needs?

Integrated Process Signup and view all the answers

In which nursing process step is the assessment of stimuli as focal, contextual, or residual performed?

Assess stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is related to the Compensatory Process in the Adaptation Model?

Struggling to meet environmental needs Signup and view all the answers

Which mode focuses on communication to achieve relational integrity?

Interdependence Mode Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the Six-Step Nursing Process?

Assess cultural beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What does the Role Function Mode primarily emphasize in an individual's adaptation to their environment?

Understanding one's roles in society Signup and view all the answers

Which process is described when the modes and subsystems are insufficient for meeting environmental challenges?

Compromised Process Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of persons within Roy's Adaptation Model?

To utilize their creative abilities to adapt to environmental stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

How does Roy define the environment in relation to human systems?

As the external factors that influence personal development and behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What are focal stimuli according to Roy's Adaptation Model?

Environmental factors that confront the human system and demand immediate attention. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes health according to Roy's definition?

The ability to competently cope with inevitable life challenges. Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a residual stimulus in Roy's Adaptation Model?

Additional environmental factors with unclear influences on the situation. Signup and view all the answers

What does Roy's Adaptation Model suggest about the nature of human systems?

Human systems are in constant interaction with their environment. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Roy's model, what does the term 'adaptive system' refer to?

An organism's dynamic ability to adjust in response to environmental changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following concepts is NOT included in Roy's definition of health?

Complete absence of stress. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Imogene King: Goal Attainment Theory

King's theory focuses on goal attainment in nursing practice, emphasizing the dynamic interaction between the nurse, the patient, and their environment.
This theory identifies three systems: personal, interpersonal, and social.
The personal system encompasses the individual's unique life experiences, values, beliefs, and perceptions.
The interpersonal system represents the interactions and relationships between the nurse and the patient.
The social system considers the broader social context in which the patient lives, including cultural norms, socioeconomic factors, and community resources.

Betty Neuman: General Systems Theory

Neuman's theory conceptualizes the individual as an open system in constant interaction with the environment.
It utilizes the systems model to understand how individuals adapt to maintain their health.
The theory revolves around three concepts: stressors, lines of defense, and levels of prevention.
Stressors are any internal or external factors.
Lines of defense are mechanisms that protect the individual from stressors.
Levels of prevention refer to measures taken to prevent illness or promote well-being.
Primary prevention addresses health promotion and illness prevention, for example, health education campaigns.
Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, for example, regular screenings.
Tertiary prevention aims to minimize disability and promote rehabilitation, for example, physical therapy after an injury.

Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Theory

Orem's theory centers around the principle of self-care, where individuals are actively engaged in maintaining their health and well-being.
The theory suggests that individuals have a self-care agency, the ability to recognize and act on their self-care needs.
There are three types of nursing systems: wholly compensatory, partially compensatory, and supportive-educative.
Wholly compensatory nursing systems are used when individuals are completely unable to provide their own self-care.

**Partially compensatory** nursing systems provide assistance as needed, allowing the individual to regain self-care capabilities.

Supportive-educative nursing systems focus on teaching and supporting individuals in their self-care efforts.

Nola Pender: Health Promotion Theory

Pender's theory explains health promotion, emphasizing the role of individual factors in promoting well-being.
It encompasses individual characteristics, for example, age, gender, beliefs, and behavior-specific cognitions and affect, for example, perceived barriers, self-efficacy.
It also incorporates behavior outcomes such as commitment to action, and attitudes and subjective norms, for example, social support, peer influence.
There are three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary.

Callista Roy: Adaptation Theory

Roy's theory proposes that individuals are adaptive systems who constantly strive to maintain equilibrium within their environment.
The theory highlights the importance of adaptation in response to change, stress, and challenges.
Roy identifies four adaptive modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence.
Physiological needs are related to the body's basic needs.
Self-concept encompasses the individual's sense of identity.
Role function refers to the roles that individuals play in society.
Interdependence addresses the social relationships and connections among people.

Jean Watson: Caring Theory

Watson's theory emphasizes the importance of caring in nursing practice and considers it an essential component of nursing care.
Watson believes that caring is the core of nursing practice and promotes healing in both the patient and the nurse.
It underscores the significance of human to human transpersonal caring as a means of promoting healing and wholeness.
Transpersonal caring involves compassionate presence, empathy, and attentiveness to the individual's unique needs.
Watson's theory identifies ten carative factors which guide nursing actions.

Adaptation Model

Focuses on the patient's ability to adapt to internal and external stimuli
Nurses are facilitators of adaptation
Helps patients react positively to stimuli
Promotes positive adaptation by enhancing environment interactions

Internal Processes

Regulator subsystem
- Physiological coping mechanism
- Regulates bodily processes: neurochemical and endocrine systems
- Example: Breathing, temperature regulation
Cognator subsystem
- Mental coping mechanism
- Uses self-concept, interdependence, and role function
- Example: Problem-solving, decision making

Four Adaptive Modes

Physiological-Physical Mode
- Includes basic needs: oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, protection
- Complex processes: senses, fluid and electrolytes, neurologic function, endocrine function
Self-Concept Group Identity Mode
- Focus on sense of unity, purpose, and identity
- Includes body image and self-ideals
Role Function Mode
- Focus on primary, secondary, and tertiary roles in society
Interdependence Mode
- Focus on relational integrity through love, respect, and value
- Achieved through effective communication and relationships

Levels of Adaptation

Integrated Process
- Modes and subsystems meet environmental needs
- Stable processes: breathing, spiritual realization, successful relationships
Compensatory Process
- Regulator and cognator are challenged but working to meet needs
- Examples: grief, starting a new job, compensatory breathing
Compromised Process
- Modes and subsystems are not adequately meeting environmental challenges
- Examples: hypoxia, unresolved loss, abusive relationships

Six-Step Nursing Process

Assessment
- Assess behaviors from the four adaptive modes
- Assess stimuli: focal, contextual, residual
Diagnosis
- State the person's adaptive state
Goal Setting
- Set goals to promote adaptation
Intervention
- Manage stimuli: remove, decrease, increase, or alter
Evaluation
- Evaluate if adaptive goals have been met

Major Concepts of the Adaptation Model

Person
- Holistic beings
- Continuously interact with environment
- Use innate and acquired adaptation systems to respond to stimuli
Environment
- Conditions, circumstances, and influences affecting development and behavior
- Stimuli requiring adaptation
- Focal stimuli: confront the system and require attention
- Contextual stimuli: contribute to the effect of focal stimuli
- Residual stimuli: additional environmental factors with unclear effects
Health
- Ability to cope with challenges in a competent way
- Not freedom from illness, but the ability to adapt to changing circumstances

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Explore the intricacies of Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory and Betty Neuman's General Systems Theory through this quiz. Understand how these frameworks address the interactions among nurses, patients, and their environments for effective nursing practice.