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Which component of King's model is reflected in X.X.'s situation regarding financial difficulties and health impacts on learning?
After a stroke, R.R. is working on walking again. What level of prevention according to Neuman's theory is this patient receiving?
In assisting S.S. with asthma, which nursing system was employed when positioning the patient in a semi-fowler position?
What level of prevention is Nurse Q.Q. practicing by conducting educational sessions about alcohol consumption in schools?
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Which mode of Sister Callista Roy's theory relates to understanding one's role in society?
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What is the primary goal of nursing according to the Adaptation Model?
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What does the regulator subsystem in the Adaptation Model primarily focus on?
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Which of the following is NOT a basic need according to the Physiological-Physical Mode?
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In the context of nursing, what does the term 'adaptation' refer to?
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What role do nurses play in promoting positive adaptation according to the Adaptation Model?
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Which statement correctly describes the cognator subsystem?
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How are the four adaptive modes expressed in the Adaptation Model?
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Which factor is essential for a person to maintain health according to the Adaptation Model?
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What is the primary focus of the Self-Concept Group Identity Mode in the Adaptation Model?
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Which process is characterized by stable physiological and psychological integration in response to environmental needs?
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In which nursing process step is the assessment of stimuli as focal, contextual, or residual performed?
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What outcome is related to the Compensatory Process in the Adaptation Model?
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Which mode focuses on communication to achieve relational integrity?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the Six-Step Nursing Process?
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What does the Role Function Mode primarily emphasize in an individual's adaptation to their environment?
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Which process is described when the modes and subsystems are insufficient for meeting environmental challenges?
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What is the primary role of persons within Roy's Adaptation Model?
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How does Roy define the environment in relation to human systems?
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What are focal stimuli according to Roy's Adaptation Model?
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Which statement best describes health according to Roy's definition?
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What is considered a residual stimulus in Roy's Adaptation Model?
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What does Roy's Adaptation Model suggest about the nature of human systems?
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In the context of Roy's model, what does the term 'adaptive system' refer to?
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Which of the following concepts is NOT included in Roy's definition of health?
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Study Notes
Imogene King: Goal Attainment Theory
- King's theory focuses on goal attainment in nursing practice, emphasizing the dynamic interaction between the nurse, the patient, and their environment.
- This theory identifies three systems: personal, interpersonal, and social.
- The personal system encompasses the individual's unique life experiences, values, beliefs, and perceptions.
- The interpersonal system represents the interactions and relationships between the nurse and the patient.
- The social system considers the broader social context in which the patient lives, including cultural norms, socioeconomic factors, and community resources.
Betty Neuman: General Systems Theory
- Neuman's theory conceptualizes the individual as an open system in constant interaction with the environment.
- It utilizes the systems model to understand how individuals adapt to maintain their health.
- The theory revolves around three concepts: stressors, lines of defense, and levels of prevention.
- Stressors are any internal or external factors.
- Lines of defense are mechanisms that protect the individual from stressors.
- Levels of prevention refer to measures taken to prevent illness or promote well-being.
- Primary prevention addresses health promotion and illness prevention, for example, health education campaigns.
- Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment, for example, regular screenings.
- Tertiary prevention aims to minimize disability and promote rehabilitation, for example, physical therapy after an injury.
Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Theory
- Orem's theory centers around the principle of self-care, where individuals are actively engaged in maintaining their health and well-being.
- The theory suggests that individuals have a self-care agency, the ability to recognize and act on their self-care needs.
- There are three types of nursing systems: wholly compensatory, partially compensatory, and supportive-educative.
- Wholly compensatory nursing systems are used when individuals are completely unable to provide their own self-care.
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**Partially compensatory** nursing systems provide assistance as needed, allowing the individual to regain self-care capabilities. - Supportive-educative nursing systems focus on teaching and supporting individuals in their self-care efforts.
Nola Pender: Health Promotion Theory
- Pender's theory explains health promotion, emphasizing the role of individual factors in promoting well-being.
- It encompasses individual characteristics, for example, age, gender, beliefs, and behavior-specific cognitions and affect, for example, perceived barriers, self-efficacy.
- It also incorporates behavior outcomes such as commitment to action, and attitudes and subjective norms, for example, social support, peer influence.
- There are three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Callista Roy: Adaptation Theory
- Roy's theory proposes that individuals are adaptive systems who constantly strive to maintain equilibrium within their environment.
- The theory highlights the importance of adaptation in response to change, stress, and challenges.
- Roy identifies four adaptive modes: physiological, self-concept, role function, and interdependence.
- Physiological needs are related to the body's basic needs.
- Self-concept encompasses the individual's sense of identity.
- Role function refers to the roles that individuals play in society.
- Interdependence addresses the social relationships and connections among people.
Jean Watson: Caring Theory
- Watson's theory emphasizes the importance of caring in nursing practice and considers it an essential component of nursing care.
- Watson believes that caring is the core of nursing practice and promotes healing in both the patient and the nurse.
- It underscores the significance of human to human transpersonal caring as a means of promoting healing and wholeness.
- Transpersonal caring involves compassionate presence, empathy, and attentiveness to the individual's unique needs.
- Watson's theory identifies ten carative factors which guide nursing actions.
Adaptation Model
- Focuses on the patient's ability to adapt to internal and external stimuli
- Nurses are facilitators of adaptation
- Helps patients react positively to stimuli
- Promotes positive adaptation by enhancing environment interactions
Internal Processes
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Regulator subsystem
- Physiological coping mechanism
- Regulates bodily processes: neurochemical and endocrine systems
- Example: Breathing, temperature regulation
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Cognator subsystem
- Mental coping mechanism
- Uses self-concept, interdependence, and role function
- Example: Problem-solving, decision making
Four Adaptive Modes
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Physiological-Physical Mode
- Includes basic needs: oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, protection
- Complex processes: senses, fluid and electrolytes, neurologic function, endocrine function
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Self-Concept Group Identity Mode
- Focus on sense of unity, purpose, and identity
- Includes body image and self-ideals
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Role Function Mode
- Focus on primary, secondary, and tertiary roles in society
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Interdependence Mode
- Focus on relational integrity through love, respect, and value
- Achieved through effective communication and relationships
Levels of Adaptation
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Integrated Process
- Modes and subsystems meet environmental needs
- Stable processes: breathing, spiritual realization, successful relationships
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Compensatory Process
- Regulator and cognator are challenged but working to meet needs
- Examples: grief, starting a new job, compensatory breathing
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Compromised Process
- Modes and subsystems are not adequately meeting environmental challenges
- Examples: hypoxia, unresolved loss, abusive relationships
Six-Step Nursing Process
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Assessment
- Assess behaviors from the four adaptive modes
- Assess stimuli: focal, contextual, residual
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Diagnosis
- State the person's adaptive state
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Goal Setting
- Set goals to promote adaptation
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Intervention
- Manage stimuli: remove, decrease, increase, or alter
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Evaluation
- Evaluate if adaptive goals have been met
Major Concepts of the Adaptation Model
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Person
- Holistic beings
- Continuously interact with environment
- Use innate and acquired adaptation systems to respond to stimuli
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Environment
- Conditions, circumstances, and influences affecting development and behavior
- Stimuli requiring adaptation
- Focal stimuli: confront the system and require attention
- Contextual stimuli: contribute to the effect of focal stimuli
- Residual stimuli: additional environmental factors with unclear effects
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Health
- Ability to cope with challenges in a competent way
- Not freedom from illness, but the ability to adapt to changing circumstances
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Description
Explore the intricacies of Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory and Betty Neuman's General Systems Theory through this quiz. Understand how these frameworks address the interactions among nurses, patients, and their environments for effective nursing practice.
