10 Questions
What percentage of intellectual disability cases are classified as moderate, with an IQ range of 36 to 49?
10%
What type of assistance do individuals with severe intellectual disability typically require?
Regular supervision for safety and daily self-care assistance
What is the primary goal of early intervention programs for children with intellectual disability?
To provide support and assistance to promote independence and development
What type of therapy is often used to help individuals with intellectual disability improve their communication skills?
Speech therapy
How can parents encourage independence in their child with intellectual disability?
By letting the child try new things and encouraging them to do things independently
What is one way parents can support their child's social skills development?
By enrolling them in group activities, such as art classes
Why is it important for parents to stay involved in their child's education?
To ensure they are aware of their child's progress and can reinforce learning at home
What can be a valuable source of advice and emotional support for parents of children with intellectual disability?
Other parents of intellectually disabled children
What is one way parents can promote motor skill development in their child with intellectual disability?
Through physical therapy
Why is it essential for parents to learn about their child's condition?
To provide appropriate support and guidance
Study Notes
Definition and Diagnosis of Intellectual Disability
- Intellectual disability describes below-average IQ and a lack of skills needed for daily living.
- Diagnosis of intellectual disability is done by assessing both intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors.
- Intellectual functioning (IQ) is measured by an IQ test, with an average IQ of 100.
- A person is considered intellectually disabled if they have an IQ of less than 70 to 75.
Causes of Intellectual Disability
- Genetic conditions:
- Fragile X syndrome: a mild-to-moderate intellectual disability, more severe in males.
- Fetal alcohol syndrome: a condition resulting from alcohol exposure during pregnancy.
- Down Syndrome: a condition caused by an extra chromosome or an extra piece of a chromosome (chromosome 21).
- Problems during pregnancy:
- Drug abuse, malnutrition, or certain infections can interfere with fetal brain development.
- Problems during childbirth:
- Intellectual disability may result if a baby is deprived of oxygen during childbirth or born extremely premature.
- Illness or injury:
- Infections like meningitis or rubella, severe head injury, extreme malnutrition, exposure to toxic substances, and severe neglect or abuse.
- Shaken baby syndrome: a serious brain injury resulting from forcefully shaking an infant or toddler.
- Savant syndrome: a rare condition in which persons with developmental disorders have an amazing ability and talent.
Signs and Symptoms of Intellectual Disability in Children
- Mild:
- IQ range of 50 to 69.
- 85% of ID cases.
- Able to live independently with minimal support.
- Can integrate with peers and conform socially.
- Achieve academics up to intermediate elementary school level.
- Moderate:
- IQ range of 36 to 49.
- 10% of ID cases.
- Able to live independently with moderate support.
- Noticeable delays in talking and understanding language.
- Altered speech or some difficulty communicating.
- Can participate in some social activities.
- Able to learn basic reading, writing, and counting.
- Severe:
- IQ range of 20 to 35.
- 3.5% of ID cases.
- Requires regular supervision for safety and daily self-care assistance.
- Needs direction and social supervision.
- May learn basic self-care.
- Significant motor impairment.
Management of Intellectual Disability in Children
- Early intervention programs:
- Speech therapy.
- Occupational therapy.
- Physical therapy.
- Family counseling.
- Training with special assistive devices.
Parents' Role in Helping Children with Intellectual Disability
- Learn everything about the child's condition.
- Encourage child's independence.
- Provide guidance when needed and give positive feedback.
- Get the child involved in group activities to build social skills.
- Stay involved with the child's teachers to follow their progress and reinforce learning at home.
- Get to know other parents of intellectually disabled children for advice and emotional support.
This quiz covers the causes, diagnosis, signs and symptoms, management, and parental role in intellectual disability in children. It's designed for nursing students to understand intellectual disability in pediatric care.
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