Developmental Screening in Pediatrics
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Questions and Answers

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, at what ages are developmental and behavioral screenings recommended for children?

  • 6, 12, and 24 months
  • 12, 24, and 36 months
  • 9, 18, and 30 months (correct)
  • 3, 6, and 12 months

    • What is the term used to describe limits to a person's ability to learn at an expected level and function in daily life?

  • Intellectual disability (correct)
  • Learning disability
  • Developmental delay
  • Behavioral disorder

    • What is the name of the questionnaire used to assess developmental and behavioral screenings in children?

  • Ages and Stages Questionnaire
  • Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
  • Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status
  • All of the above (correct)

    • Children with intellectual disability may have trouble with which of the following?

    <p>Letting others know their wants and needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the IQ range for a person with a 'mild' intellectual disability according to Heber (1959, 1961)?

    <p>IQ range of 55-69</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical struggle for children with autism?

    <p>Handwriting and tying shoelaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current understanding of the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>It is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder typically made?

    <p>Based on a combination of clinician observation and caregiver reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible explanation for the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Increased awareness and better diagnosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>A difference in thinking pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Pervasive Supports?

    <p>Constancy and high intensity across environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

    <p>Abnormalities in the dopamine system and frontal lobe development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of children with ADHD are affected by fine and gross motor skills deficits?

    <p>30 to 50 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of diagnosing ADHD?

    <p>reported behaviors or psychiatric assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relation between ADHD and genetic factors?

    <p>ADHD is considered a genetic disorder, with environmental factors playing a small role</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem experienced by people with developmental disabilities?

    <p>Trouble with major life activities such as language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in the prevalence of developmental disabilities?

    <p>It is increasing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is included in the category of developmental disabilities?

    <p>Conditions such as Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism, Intellectual disability, and Learning difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage increase in Autism prevalence from 1997 to 2008?

    <p>289.5 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage increase in ADHD prevalence from 1997 to 2008?

    <p>33 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of developmental coordination disorder?

    <p>Genetic or chromosome abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can children typically crawl?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a 1-year-old child's development?

    <p>Playing peekaboo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of seizures in children?

    <p>Genetic or chromosome abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a 2- to 3-year-old child's development?

    <p>Eating with a spoon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of defects in coagulation factors in Hemophilia?

    <p>Delayed coagulation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inheritance pattern is commonly associated with Hemophilia?

    <p>X-linked recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the biological system affected in Hematological disorders?

    <p>Human hematologic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe bleeding disorders caused by defects in coagulation factors?

    <p>Hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Hemophilia on the coagulation process?

    <p>It decelerates the coagulation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic inheritance pattern of Haemophilia A and Haemophilia B?

    <p>X linked recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following haemophilia has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern?

    <p>Haemophilia C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein factor affected in Haemophilia C?

    <p>Factor XI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal level of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?

    <p>50% to 100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by a reduction or absence in the production of globin chains that make up the haemoglobin?

    <p>Thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of Thalassaemia?

    <p>α- and β-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the abnormal destruction of erythrocytes in Thalassemia?

    <p>Decreased oxygen delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the severity of Haemophilia with less than 1% levels of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?

    <p>Severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an orthopedic manifestation of Haemophilia?

    <p>Synovitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease that is often compared to Haemophilia?

    <p>Thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic inheritance pattern of Haemophilia A and Haemophilia B?

    <p>X linked recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein factor affected in Haemophilia C?

    <p>Factor XI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by a reduction or absence in the production of globin chains that make up the haemoglobin?

    <p>Thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal level of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?

    <p>50% to 100%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the severity of Haemophilia with less than 1% levels of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?

    <p>Severe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of defects in coagulation factors in Hemophilia?

    <p>Increased bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe bleeding disorders caused by defects in coagulation factors?

    <p>Hemophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the biological system affected in Hematological disorders?

    <p>Hematologic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by a reduction or absence in the production of globin chains that make up the hemoglobin?

    <p>Thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inheritance pattern is commonly associated with Hemophilia?

    <p>X-linked recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the severe form of anaemia where patients need continuous blood transfusions throughout their lives?

    <p>Thalassemia major</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe cancer of the early blood-forming cells?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the production of abnormal and functionless white blood cells due to a defect in the bone marrow?

    <p>Leukemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a mild form of anaemia where patients usually don't need blood transfusions?

    <p>Thalassemia minor or trait</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the occasional need for blood transfusions in patients with mild to moderate anaemia?

    <p>Thalassemia intermedia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical aspect of treatment for burn patients to reduce psychological morbidities?

    <p>Seeking emotional support from professionals and other survivors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of individuals with developmental disabilities?

    <p>Difficulty with major life activities such as language, mobility, and learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage increase in autism prevalence from 1997 to 2008?

    <p>289.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of not managing psychological distress in burn patients?

    <p>Increased risk of depression, anxiety, and prolonged hospital stay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a category of conditions that includes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism?

    <p>Developmental disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to assess intellectual disability in children?

    <p>Through the use of standardized individually administered IQ tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a person with an IQ score between 70 and 84?

    <p>Borderline intellectual disability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of intermittent supports?

    <p>Support is needed on an 'as needed' basis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way to identify children with intellectual disability?

    <p>Through developmental and behavioral screenings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical age range for developmental and behavioral screenings in children?

    <p>9, 18, and 30 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of developmental coordination disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age can children typically crawl?

    <p>9 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a 2- to 3-year-old child's development?

    <p>Recognizing labels and colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of seizures in children?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of developmental milestones at 1 year?

    <p>Playing peekaboo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of children with autism?

    <p>Struggling with motor skills such as dressing and tying shoelaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder reported to be?

    <p>1 in 68</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the pattern of symptoms exhibited by children with autism?

    <p>Early infantile autism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a person with autism and a person without autism?

    <p>Their way of thinking and relating to the environment and people around them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of genetic and environmental factors in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder typically made?

    <p>Based on combined clinician observation and caregiver reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible explanation for the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>A neurological developmental difference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do children with autism typically experience the world?

    <p>In a different way to children without autism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current understanding of the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

    <p>The exact cause is unknown, but research is ongoing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for knee flexion?

    <p>Sciatic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test used to assess the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?

    <p>Anterior drawer test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the posteriorly directed force on the tibia?

    <p>Posterior drawer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of ankle ligament injury?

    <p>Syndesmosis injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test used to assess the collateral ligaments of the knee joint?

    <p>Valgus stress test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the examination of the ankle joint?

    <p>Ankle joint examination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of osteoarthritis in the knee joint?

    <p>Joint line tenderness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the test used to assess the meniscus of the knee joint?

    <p>McMurray's test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the squeeze test in assessing ankle injuries?

    <p>To assess the integrity of the syndesmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament is assessed using the anterior drawer test?

    <p>Anterior talofibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indication of a reduced or absent plantar flexion in the Thompson's test?

    <p>Achilles tendon rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a provocative test for ankle ligament injuries?

    <p>Lachman test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comparing sides during ankle examination techniques?

    <p>To identify any asymmetrical tenderness or laxity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of tenderness in a syndesmosis injury?

    <p>It is a positive indicator of a syndesmosis injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the forced inversion test?

    <p>To assess the integrity of the calcaneal fibular ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the provocative test used to assess the Achilles tendon?

    <p>Thompson's test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common form of arthritis?

    <p>Osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Degenerative changes in the joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of aging on osteoarthritis?

    <p>It increases the prevalence of osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of osteoarthritis in adults?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in prevalence of osteoarthritis between men and women?

    <p>Men are more commonly affected below 50 years, while women are more commonly affected above 50 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Primary and secondary osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the degenerative changes in joints over time?

    <p>Degenerative joint disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on osteoarthritis?

    <p>They increase the risk of osteoarthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that contributes to the development of osteoarthritis?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trigger for secondary osteoarthritis?

    <p>Injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a discontinuity in a bone or cartilage resulting from mechanical forces that exceed the bone's ability to withstand them?

    <p>Fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a condition that can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of radiographs in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis?

    <p>To visualize the affected joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an inflammatory disease that can lead to osteoarthritis?

    <p>Gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe fractures that occur due to weakened bone from a focal lesion or metabolic abnormalities?

    <p>Pathological fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe fractures that occur due to normal bone subjected to acute overwhelming force?

    <p>Traumatic fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fractures are often treated symptomatically?

    <p>Uncomplicated fractures of ribs or distal phalanges of the toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of manipulating bone fragments during fracture management?

    <p>To yield adequate positioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of material has augmented traditional plaster casting techniques?

    <p>Fiberglass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of controlling the joint above and below during fracture management?

    <p>To maintain alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of a physical therapy program after immobilization?

    <p>Problem-solving, strengthening, stretching, and mobilizing exercises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are some fractures quite unstable without operative intervention?

    <p>They require immediate surgical intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of chronic application of abnormal stresses?

    <p>Microfractures and eventually, macroscopic failure (fatigue fractures)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the location and severity of the injury during fracture management?

    <p>To determine the best course of treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

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