120 Questions
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, at what ages are developmental and behavioral screenings recommended for children?
9, 18, and 30 months
What is the term used to describe limits to a person's ability to learn at an expected level and function in daily life?
Intellectual disability
What is the name of the questionnaire used to assess developmental and behavioral screenings in children?
All of the above
Children with intellectual disability may have trouble with which of the following?
Letting others know their wants and needs
What is the IQ range for a person with a 'mild' intellectual disability according to Heber (1959, 1961)?
IQ range of 55-69
What is a typical struggle for children with autism?
Handwriting and tying shoelaces
What is the current understanding of the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
It is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors
How are diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder typically made?
Based on a combination of clinician observation and caregiver reports
What is a possible explanation for the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Increased awareness and better diagnosis
What is a characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
A difference in thinking pattern
What is the main characteristic of Pervasive Supports?
Constancy and high intensity across environments
What is the primary cause of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Abnormalities in the dopamine system and frontal lobe development
What percentage of children with ADHD are affected by fine and gross motor skills deficits?
30 to 50 percent
What is the primary method of diagnosing ADHD?
reported behaviors or psychiatric assessment
What is the relation between ADHD and genetic factors?
ADHD is considered a genetic disorder, with environmental factors playing a small role
What is a common problem experienced by people with developmental disabilities?
Trouble with major life activities such as language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living
What is the trend in the prevalence of developmental disabilities?
It is increasing
What is included in the category of developmental disabilities?
Conditions such as Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism, Intellectual disability, and Learning difficulties
What is the percentage increase in Autism prevalence from 1997 to 2008?
289.5 percent
What is the percentage increase in ADHD prevalence from 1997 to 2008?
33 percent
What is a possible cause of developmental coordination disorder?
Genetic or chromosome abnormalities
At what age can children typically crawl?
9 months
What is a characteristic of a 1-year-old child's development?
Playing peekaboo
What is a possible cause of seizures in children?
Genetic or chromosome abnormalities
What is a characteristic of a 2- to 3-year-old child's development?
Eating with a spoon
What is the primary consequence of defects in coagulation factors in Hemophilia?
Delayed coagulation process
What type of inheritance pattern is commonly associated with Hemophilia?
X-linked recessive
What is the name of the biological system affected in Hematological disorders?
Human hematologic system
What is the term used to describe bleeding disorders caused by defects in coagulation factors?
Hemophilia
What is the effect of Hemophilia on the coagulation process?
It decelerates the coagulation process
What is the genetic inheritance pattern of Haemophilia A and Haemophilia B?
X linked recessive
Which of the following haemophilia has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern?
Haemophilia C
What is the protein factor affected in Haemophilia C?
Factor XI
What is the normal level of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?
50% to 100%
What is the name of the disease caused by a reduction or absence in the production of globin chains that make up the haemoglobin?
Thalassemia
What are the two types of Thalassaemia?
α- and β-
What is the result of the abnormal destruction of erythrocytes in Thalassemia?
Decreased oxygen delivery
What is the severity of Haemophilia with less than 1% levels of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?
Severe
Which of the following is an orthopedic manifestation of Haemophilia?
Synovitis
What is the name of the disease that is often compared to Haemophilia?
Thalassemia
What is the genetic inheritance pattern of Haemophilia A and Haemophilia B?
X linked recessive
What is the protein factor affected in Haemophilia C?
Factor XI
What is the name of the disease caused by a reduction or absence in the production of globin chains that make up the haemoglobin?
Thalassemia
What is the normal level of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?
50% to 100%
What is the severity of Haemophilia with less than 1% levels of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?
Severe
What is the primary consequence of defects in coagulation factors in Hemophilia?
Increased bleeding
What is the term used to describe bleeding disorders caused by defects in coagulation factors?
Hemophilia
What is the biological system affected in Hematological disorders?
Hematologic system
What is the name of the disease caused by a reduction or absence in the production of globin chains that make up the hemoglobin?
Thalassemia
What type of inheritance pattern is commonly associated with Hemophilia?
X-linked recessive
What is the term used to describe the severe form of anaemia where patients need continuous blood transfusions throughout their lives?
Thalassemia major
What is the term used to describe cancer of the early blood-forming cells?
Leukemia
What is the term used to describe the production of abnormal and functionless white blood cells due to a defect in the bone marrow?
Leukemia
What is the term used to describe a mild form of anaemia where patients usually don't need blood transfusions?
Thalassemia minor or trait
What is the term used to describe the occasional need for blood transfusions in patients with mild to moderate anaemia?
Thalassemia intermedia
What is a critical aspect of treatment for burn patients to reduce psychological morbidities?
Seeking emotional support from professionals and other survivors
What is a common characteristic of individuals with developmental disabilities?
Difficulty with major life activities such as language, mobility, and learning
What is the percentage increase in autism prevalence from 1997 to 2008?
289.5%
What is a possible consequence of not managing psychological distress in burn patients?
Increased risk of depression, anxiety, and prolonged hospital stay
What is a category of conditions that includes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism?
Developmental disabilities
What is the primary way to assess intellectual disability in children?
Through the use of standardized individually administered IQ tests
What is the term used to describe a person with an IQ score between 70 and 84?
Borderline intellectual disability
What is the main characteristic of intermittent supports?
Support is needed on an 'as needed' basis
What is the primary way to identify children with intellectual disability?
Through developmental and behavioral screenings
What is the typical age range for developmental and behavioral screenings in children?
9, 18, and 30 months
What is a possible cause of developmental coordination disorder?
All of the above
At what age can children typically crawl?
9 months
What is a characteristic of a 2- to 3-year-old child's development?
Recognizing labels and colors
What is a possible cause of seizures in children?
All of the above
What is a characteristic of developmental milestones at 1 year?
Playing peekaboo
What is a common characteristic of children with autism?
Struggling with motor skills such as dressing and tying shoelaces
What is the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder reported to be?
1 in 68
What is the term used to describe the pattern of symptoms exhibited by children with autism?
Early infantile autism
What is the primary difference between a person with autism and a person without autism?
Their way of thinking and relating to the environment and people around them
What is the role of genetic and environmental factors in Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorder
How are diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder typically made?
Based on combined clinician observation and caregiver reports
What is a possible explanation for the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
All of the above
What is the primary characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
A neurological developmental difference
How do children with autism typically experience the world?
In a different way to children without autism
What is the current understanding of the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
The exact cause is unknown, but research is ongoing
Which nerve is responsible for knee flexion?
Sciatic nerve
What is the name of the test used to assess the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?
Anterior drawer test
What is the term used to describe the posteriorly directed force on the tibia?
Posterior drawer
Which of the following is a type of ankle ligament injury?
Syndesmosis injury
What is the name of the test used to assess the collateral ligaments of the knee joint?
Valgus stress test
What is the term used to describe the examination of the ankle joint?
Ankle joint examination
Which of the following is a sign of osteoarthritis in the knee joint?
Joint line tenderness
What is the name of the test used to assess the meniscus of the knee joint?
McMurray's test
What is the purpose of the squeeze test in assessing ankle injuries?
To assess the integrity of the syndesmosis
Which ligament is assessed using the anterior drawer test?
Anterior talofibular ligament
What is the indication of a reduced or absent plantar flexion in the Thompson's test?
Achilles tendon rupture
Which of the following is NOT a provocative test for ankle ligament injuries?
Lachman test
What is the purpose of comparing sides during ankle examination techniques?
To identify any asymmetrical tenderness or laxity
What is the significance of tenderness in a syndesmosis injury?
It is a positive indicator of a syndesmosis injury
What is the purpose of the forced inversion test?
To assess the integrity of the calcaneal fibular ligament
What is the term used to describe the provocative test used to assess the Achilles tendon?
Thompson's test
Which of the following is the most common form of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis
What is the primary characteristic of osteoarthritis?
Degenerative changes in the joints
What is the effect of aging on osteoarthritis?
It increases the prevalence of osteoarthritis
What is the prevalence of osteoarthritis in adults?
25%
What is the difference in prevalence of osteoarthritis between men and women?
Men are more commonly affected below 50 years, while women are more commonly affected above 50 years
What is the classification of osteoarthritis?
Primary and secondary osteoarthritis
What is the term used to describe the degenerative changes in joints over time?
Degenerative joint disease
What is the effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on osteoarthritis?
They increase the risk of osteoarthritis
What is the primary factor that contributes to the development of osteoarthritis?
Genetic predisposition
What is a common trigger for secondary osteoarthritis?
Injury
What is the term used to describe a discontinuity in a bone or cartilage resulting from mechanical forces that exceed the bone's ability to withstand them?
Fracture
What is an example of a condition that can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis?
Diabetes
What is the purpose of radiographs in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis?
To visualize the affected joint
What is an example of an inflammatory disease that can lead to osteoarthritis?
Gout
What is the term used to describe fractures that occur due to weakened bone from a focal lesion or metabolic abnormalities?
Pathological fractures
What is the term used to describe fractures that occur due to normal bone subjected to acute overwhelming force?
Traumatic fractures
What type of fractures are often treated symptomatically?
Uncomplicated fractures of ribs or distal phalanges of the toes
What is the purpose of manipulating bone fragments during fracture management?
To yield adequate positioning
What type of material has augmented traditional plaster casting techniques?
Fiberglass
What is the goal of controlling the joint above and below during fracture management?
To maintain alignment
What is the focus of a physical therapy program after immobilization?
Problem-solving, strengthening, stretching, and mobilizing exercises
Why are some fractures quite unstable without operative intervention?
They require immediate surgical intervention
What is the result of chronic application of abnormal stresses?
Microfractures and eventually, macroscopic failure (fatigue fractures)
Why is it important to consider the location and severity of the injury during fracture management?
To determine the best course of treatment
This quiz covers the recommended ages for developmental and behavioral screenings in children, as well as tools used to assess developmental delays and intellectual disability. It's based on the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
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