Developmental Screening in Pediatrics

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Questions and Answers

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, at what ages are developmental and behavioral screenings recommended for children?

  • 6, 12, and 24 months
  • 12, 24, and 36 months
  • 9, 18, and 30 months (correct)
  • 3, 6, and 12 months

What is the term used to describe limits to a person's ability to learn at an expected level and function in daily life?

  • Intellectual disability (correct)
  • Learning disability
  • Developmental delay
  • Behavioral disorder

What is the name of the questionnaire used to assess developmental and behavioral screenings in children?

  • Ages and Stages Questionnaire
  • Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)
  • Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status
  • All of the above (correct)

Children with intellectual disability may have trouble with which of the following?

<p>Letting others know their wants and needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the IQ range for a person with a 'mild' intellectual disability according to Heber (1959, 1961)?

<p>IQ range of 55-69 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical struggle for children with autism?

<p>Handwriting and tying shoelaces (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current understanding of the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

<p>It is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder typically made?

<p>Based on a combination of clinician observation and caregiver reports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible explanation for the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

<p>Increased awareness and better diagnosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

<p>A difference in thinking pattern (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Pervasive Supports?

<p>Constancy and high intensity across environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?

<p>Abnormalities in the dopamine system and frontal lobe development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children with ADHD are affected by fine and gross motor skills deficits?

<p>30 to 50 percent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of diagnosing ADHD?

<p>reported behaviors or psychiatric assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relation between ADHD and genetic factors?

<p>ADHD is considered a genetic disorder, with environmental factors playing a small role (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common problem experienced by people with developmental disabilities?

<p>Trouble with major life activities such as language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in the prevalence of developmental disabilities?

<p>It is increasing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the category of developmental disabilities?

<p>Conditions such as Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Autism, Intellectual disability, and Learning difficulties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage increase in Autism prevalence from 1997 to 2008?

<p>289.5 percent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage increase in ADHD prevalence from 1997 to 2008?

<p>33 percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of developmental coordination disorder?

<p>Genetic or chromosome abnormalities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age can children typically crawl?

<p>9 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a 1-year-old child's development?

<p>Playing peekaboo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of seizures in children?

<p>Genetic or chromosome abnormalities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a 2- to 3-year-old child's development?

<p>Eating with a spoon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of defects in coagulation factors in Hemophilia?

<p>Delayed coagulation process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inheritance pattern is commonly associated with Hemophilia?

<p>X-linked recessive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the biological system affected in Hematological disorders?

<p>Human hematologic system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe bleeding disorders caused by defects in coagulation factors?

<p>Hemophilia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Hemophilia on the coagulation process?

<p>It decelerates the coagulation process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic inheritance pattern of Haemophilia A and Haemophilia B?

<p>X linked recessive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following haemophilia has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern?

<p>Haemophilia C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein factor affected in Haemophilia C?

<p>Factor XI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal level of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?

<p>50% to 100% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by a reduction or absence in the production of globin chains that make up the haemoglobin?

<p>Thalassemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of Thalassaemia?

<p>α- and β- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the abnormal destruction of erythrocytes in Thalassemia?

<p>Decreased oxygen delivery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the severity of Haemophilia with less than 1% levels of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?

<p>Severe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an orthopedic manifestation of Haemophilia?

<p>Synovitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that is often compared to Haemophilia?

<p>Thalassemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic inheritance pattern of Haemophilia A and Haemophilia B?

<p>X linked recessive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the protein factor affected in Haemophilia C?

<p>Factor XI (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by a reduction or absence in the production of globin chains that make up the haemoglobin?

<p>Thalassemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal level of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?

<p>50% to 100% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the severity of Haemophilia with less than 1% levels of Factor VIII or IX in the blood?

<p>Severe (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of defects in coagulation factors in Hemophilia?

<p>Increased bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe bleeding disorders caused by defects in coagulation factors?

<p>Hemophilia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the biological system affected in Hematological disorders?

<p>Hematologic system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease caused by a reduction or absence in the production of globin chains that make up the hemoglobin?

<p>Thalassemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of inheritance pattern is commonly associated with Hemophilia?

<p>X-linked recessive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the severe form of anaemia where patients need continuous blood transfusions throughout their lives?

<p>Thalassemia major (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe cancer of the early blood-forming cells?

<p>Leukemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the production of abnormal and functionless white blood cells due to a defect in the bone marrow?

<p>Leukemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a mild form of anaemia where patients usually don't need blood transfusions?

<p>Thalassemia minor or trait (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the occasional need for blood transfusions in patients with mild to moderate anaemia?

<p>Thalassemia intermedia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of treatment for burn patients to reduce psychological morbidities?

<p>Seeking emotional support from professionals and other survivors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of individuals with developmental disabilities?

<p>Difficulty with major life activities such as language, mobility, and learning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage increase in autism prevalence from 1997 to 2008?

<p>289.5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of not managing psychological distress in burn patients?

<p>Increased risk of depression, anxiety, and prolonged hospital stay (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a category of conditions that includes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism?

<p>Developmental disabilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way to assess intellectual disability in children?

<p>Through the use of standardized individually administered IQ tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a person with an IQ score between 70 and 84?

<p>Borderline intellectual disability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of intermittent supports?

<p>Support is needed on an 'as needed' basis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary way to identify children with intellectual disability?

<p>Through developmental and behavioral screenings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for developmental and behavioral screenings in children?

<p>9, 18, and 30 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of developmental coordination disorder?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age can children typically crawl?

<p>9 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a 2- to 3-year-old child's development?

<p>Recognizing labels and colors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible cause of seizures in children?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of developmental milestones at 1 year?

<p>Playing peekaboo (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of children with autism?

<p>Struggling with motor skills such as dressing and tying shoelaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder reported to be?

<p>1 in 68 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the pattern of symptoms exhibited by children with autism?

<p>Early infantile autism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a person with autism and a person without autism?

<p>Their way of thinking and relating to the environment and people around them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of genetic and environmental factors in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

<p>Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder typically made?

<p>Based on combined clinician observation and caregiver reports (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible explanation for the increasing prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

<p>A neurological developmental difference (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do children with autism typically experience the world?

<p>In a different way to children without autism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current understanding of the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

<p>The exact cause is unknown, but research is ongoing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for knee flexion?

<p>Sciatic nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to assess the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?

<p>Anterior drawer test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the posteriorly directed force on the tibia?

<p>Posterior drawer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of ankle ligament injury?

<p>Syndesmosis injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to assess the collateral ligaments of the knee joint?

<p>Valgus stress test (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the examination of the ankle joint?

<p>Ankle joint examination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of osteoarthritis in the knee joint?

<p>Joint line tenderness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the test used to assess the meniscus of the knee joint?

<p>McMurray's test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the squeeze test in assessing ankle injuries?

<p>To assess the integrity of the syndesmosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament is assessed using the anterior drawer test?

<p>Anterior talofibular ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication of a reduced or absent plantar flexion in the Thompson's test?

<p>Achilles tendon rupture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a provocative test for ankle ligament injuries?

<p>Lachman test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of comparing sides during ankle examination techniques?

<p>To identify any asymmetrical tenderness or laxity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of tenderness in a syndesmosis injury?

<p>It is a positive indicator of a syndesmosis injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the forced inversion test?

<p>To assess the integrity of the calcaneal fibular ligament (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the provocative test used to assess the Achilles tendon?

<p>Thompson's test (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common form of arthritis?

<p>Osteoarthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of osteoarthritis?

<p>Degenerative changes in the joints (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aging on osteoarthritis?

<p>It increases the prevalence of osteoarthritis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of osteoarthritis in adults?

<p>25% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in prevalence of osteoarthritis between men and women?

<p>Men are more commonly affected below 50 years, while women are more commonly affected above 50 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of osteoarthritis?

<p>Primary and secondary osteoarthritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the degenerative changes in joints over time?

<p>Degenerative joint disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of environmental and lifestyle factors on osteoarthritis?

<p>They increase the risk of osteoarthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that contributes to the development of osteoarthritis?

<p>Genetic predisposition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common trigger for secondary osteoarthritis?

<p>Injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a discontinuity in a bone or cartilage resulting from mechanical forces that exceed the bone's ability to withstand them?

<p>Fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a condition that can increase the risk of developing osteoarthritis?

<p>Diabetes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of radiographs in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis?

<p>To visualize the affected joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an inflammatory disease that can lead to osteoarthritis?

<p>Gout (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe fractures that occur due to weakened bone from a focal lesion or metabolic abnormalities?

<p>Pathological fractures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe fractures that occur due to normal bone subjected to acute overwhelming force?

<p>Traumatic fractures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fractures are often treated symptomatically?

<p>Uncomplicated fractures of ribs or distal phalanges of the toes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of manipulating bone fragments during fracture management?

<p>To yield adequate positioning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of material has augmented traditional plaster casting techniques?

<p>Fiberglass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of controlling the joint above and below during fracture management?

<p>To maintain alignment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of a physical therapy program after immobilization?

<p>Problem-solving, strengthening, stretching, and mobilizing exercises (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are some fractures quite unstable without operative intervention?

<p>They require immediate surgical intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chronic application of abnormal stresses?

<p>Microfractures and eventually, macroscopic failure (fatigue fractures) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider the location and severity of the injury during fracture management?

<p>To determine the best course of treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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