Unit 4: Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of Intellectual Disability?

A disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, originating before the age of 18.

Which of the following are components of Adaptive Behavior? (Select all that apply)

Conceptual Skills

Social Skills

Practical Skills

All of the above (correct)

How are 'mental retardation' and 'intellectual disability' related?

Mental retardation was the original term for people with intellectual impairments, now replaced with the term intellectual disability.

What dimensions should professionals classify individuals with cognitive limitations based on according to the 2010 AAIDD definition?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

The Intellectual Deficits Classification is based on the severity of ______ as determined by an IQ test.

intellectual impairment Signup and view all the answers

What is the measured IQ range for Mild Intellectual Disability?

55-70 Signup and view all the answers

Which classification requires high intensity support across all environments?

Pervasive Signup and view all the answers

Match the supports with their definitions:

Intermittent = Supports as needed or episodic Limited = Consistency over time, time-limited Extensive = Regular involvement in various environments Pervasive = High-intensity across all environments Signup and view all the answers

What are Natural Supports?

Family members, friends, teachers, and coworkers. Signup and view all the answers

What are Formal Supports?

Government-funded social programs like Social Security or healthcare programs. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Intellectual Disability Defined

Characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
Originates before age 18.
Defined by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) and incorporated into US law as PL 111-256 (Rosa's Law).
Two main components: Intellectual Functioning and Adaptive Behavior.

Adaptive Behavior

Encompasses everyday skills essential for daily living.
Divided into three categories:
- Conceptual Skills: language, literacy, numerical understanding, self-direction.
- Social Skills: interpersonal skills, self-esteem, social problem-solving, adherence to rules, preventing victimization.
- Practical Skills: personal care, occupational skills, healthcare management, transportation, safety practices.

Terminology Shift

"Mental retardation" was previously used to describe intellectual impairments but has been replaced with "intellectual disability" for sensitivity.

Human Functioning and Classification

The 2010 AAIDD definition promotes classifying based on various dimensions of functioning rather than solely on intellectual ability.
Key dimensions include:
- Intellectual Abilities
- Adaptive Behavior
- Health
- Participation
- Context

Classification Models for Intellectual Disabilities

Intellectual Deficits Classification: based on severity of intellectual impairment scored from an IQ test.
Level of Support: determined by the type and extent of support needed.

Intellectual Deficits Classification Model

Classification of disabilities into four levels based on IQ:
- Mild Intellectual Disability: IQ of 55-70 (2-3 SD below mean).
- Moderate Intellectual Disability: IQ of 40-55 (3-4 SD below mean).
- Severe Intellectual Disability: IQ of 25-40 (4-5 SD below mean).
- Profound Intellectual Disability: IQ under 25 (more than 5 SD below mean).

Levels of Support Classification

Focuses on support needs to function effectively in daily life.
Aims to describe functional limitations through required support rather than just intellectual deficits.
Supports crucial for growth in home, school, workplace, and community settings.

Levels of Support Classification Continuum

Intermittent: As-needed support; episodic, high or low intensity; examples include loss of employment.
Limited: Consistent, time-limited support; fewer staff needed; examples include job training.
Extensive: Regular daily support; ongoing assistance in some environments such as home.
Pervasive: Constant, high-intensity support across all areas; often life-sustaining, requires more staff.

Natural Supports vs. Formal Supports

Natural Supports: Assistance from family, friends, teachers, and coworkers.
Formal Supports: Government-funded programs like Social Security, healthcare, and rehabilitation services.

Description

Explore the fundamentals of intellectual disabilities as defined by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. This quiz delves into the key characteristics, origins, and implications of these disabilities, focusing on significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.