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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of Intellectual Disability?
What is the definition of Intellectual Disability?
A disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, originating before the age of 18.
Which of the following are components of Adaptive Behavior? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are components of Adaptive Behavior? (Select all that apply)
How are 'mental retardation' and 'intellectual disability' related?
How are 'mental retardation' and 'intellectual disability' related?
Mental retardation was the original term for people with intellectual impairments, now replaced with the term intellectual disability.
What dimensions should professionals classify individuals with cognitive limitations based on according to the 2010 AAIDD definition?
What dimensions should professionals classify individuals with cognitive limitations based on according to the 2010 AAIDD definition?
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The Intellectual Deficits Classification is based on the severity of ______ as determined by an IQ test.
The Intellectual Deficits Classification is based on the severity of ______ as determined by an IQ test.
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What is the measured IQ range for Mild Intellectual Disability?
What is the measured IQ range for Mild Intellectual Disability?
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Which classification requires high intensity support across all environments?
Which classification requires high intensity support across all environments?
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Match the supports with their definitions:
Match the supports with their definitions:
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What are Natural Supports?
What are Natural Supports?
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What are Formal Supports?
What are Formal Supports?
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Study Notes
Intellectual Disability Defined
- Characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
- Originates before age 18.
- Defined by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) and incorporated into US law as PL 111-256 (Rosa's Law).
- Two main components: Intellectual Functioning and Adaptive Behavior.
Adaptive Behavior
- Encompasses everyday skills essential for daily living.
- Divided into three categories:
- Conceptual Skills: language, literacy, numerical understanding, self-direction.
- Social Skills: interpersonal skills, self-esteem, social problem-solving, adherence to rules, preventing victimization.
- Practical Skills: personal care, occupational skills, healthcare management, transportation, safety practices.
Terminology Shift
- "Mental retardation" was previously used to describe intellectual impairments but has been replaced with "intellectual disability" for sensitivity.
Human Functioning and Classification
- The 2010 AAIDD definition promotes classifying based on various dimensions of functioning rather than solely on intellectual ability.
- Key dimensions include:
- Intellectual Abilities
- Adaptive Behavior
- Health
- Participation
- Context
Classification Models for Intellectual Disabilities
- Intellectual Deficits Classification: based on severity of intellectual impairment scored from an IQ test.
- Level of Support: determined by the type and extent of support needed.
Intellectual Deficits Classification Model
- Classification of disabilities into four levels based on IQ:
- Mild Intellectual Disability: IQ of 55-70 (2-3 SD below mean).
- Moderate Intellectual Disability: IQ of 40-55 (3-4 SD below mean).
- Severe Intellectual Disability: IQ of 25-40 (4-5 SD below mean).
- Profound Intellectual Disability: IQ under 25 (more than 5 SD below mean).
Levels of Support Classification
- Focuses on support needs to function effectively in daily life.
- Aims to describe functional limitations through required support rather than just intellectual deficits.
- Supports crucial for growth in home, school, workplace, and community settings.
Levels of Support Classification Continuum
- Intermittent: As-needed support; episodic, high or low intensity; examples include loss of employment.
- Limited: Consistent, time-limited support; fewer staff needed; examples include job training.
- Extensive: Regular daily support; ongoing assistance in some environments such as home.
- Pervasive: Constant, high-intensity support across all areas; often life-sustaining, requires more staff.
Natural Supports vs. Formal Supports
- Natural Supports: Assistance from family, friends, teachers, and coworkers.
- Formal Supports: Government-funded programs like Social Security, healthcare, and rehabilitation services.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of intellectual disabilities as defined by the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. This quiz delves into the key characteristics, origins, and implications of these disabilities, focusing on significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
