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Questions and Answers
What is pharmacokinetics primarily concerned with?
Which factor does NOT affect the rate of medication absorption?
How does ionization impact drug absorption?
What is the first step in pharmacokinetics?
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What must happen to a medication prior to absorption?
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Which of the following describes the term 'dissolution' in relation to medication?
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Which aspect is important for ensuring safe clinical practice and reducing medication errors?
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Client-specific factors influencing medication absorption can include which of the following?
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What is the primary purpose of educating the client about medications?
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What is a key characteristic of a unit dose medication?
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What should be done immediately prior to administering unit dose medications?
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Which statement is true regarding multi-dose vials?
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What action should be taken if specific assessments are required for certain medications?
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What should be done after administering medication to the client?
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Why should medications never be left at the bedside?
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Which method of administration would be prescribed if a client is experiencing vomiting?
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What should a nurse do if a pill is not scored?
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Which of the following is the correct procedure for splitting a pill?
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Which type of oral medication formulation has a higher bioavailability?
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Why might medications in tablet form be scored?
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Which of the following is NOT a form of oral medication administration?
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What is an important consideration when administering certain medications?
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What should be done after using the pill cutter?
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Why should a nurse avoid using hands or other objects to split pills?
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What is the maximum time frame for administering time-critical medications?
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Which of the following is considered a non-time-critical medication?
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What is the role of the nurse in the medication administration process?
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What should a nurse do before documenting medication administration?
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Which type of medications requires that they be administered separately from other medications?
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How is bleeding assessed before administering warfarin?
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What is required by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) regarding medication administration policies?
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What is the significance of administering antidiabetic medications around mealtimes?
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Which nasal medication is specifically used for treating migraines?
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What can happen if a nasal decongestant is used too frequently?
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What form of administration is appropriate for medications that need to be absorbed through the vaginal wall?
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Why is it essential for the rectum to be empty before administering rectal medications?
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Which of the following medications can be administered via the nasal route for smoking cessation?
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Which statement correctly describes the administration of vaginal medications?
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What is a common reason to use rectal medications?
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What is a possible complication of using nasal decongestants for an extended period?
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Study Notes
Dosage Calculation and Medication Administration
- Dosage consists of the prescribed quantity of medication, including the dose and frequency.
- Rights of medication administration involve checking patient identity, medication, dosage, route, time, and documentation.
Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacokinetics studies the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs.
- A solid understanding of pharmacokinetics helps nurses ensure safe medication administration and minimize errors.
Absorption
- Absorption refers to how a medication moves from administration site to the circulatory system.
- Key factors affecting absorption:
- Route of administration impacts entry into the body.
- Ionization depends on medication pH and absorption site.
- Dissolution requires medication to be dissolved for absorption.
- Blood flow influences the speed of absorption.
- Lipid solubility affects formulation absorption.
- Surface area of the absorption site can enhance medication uptake.
- Client-specific factors include age and underlying health conditions.
Medication Orders and Administration Timing
- Pain medications are often prescribed on a PRN (as needed) basis.
- Time-critical medications should be administered within 30 minutes of the scheduled time to avoid harm.
- Non-time-critical medications can be given 1 to 2 hours early or late without safety concerns.
- Facilities must have policies in place for medication timing per CMS regulations.
Right Assessment
- Nurses assess clients for contraindications, lab results, vital signs, allergies, and potential drug interactions before administering medications.
- Example: Monitoring bleeding indicators and INR levels before administering warfarin.
Right Documentation
- Nurses must check the Medication Administration Record (MAR) before and after giving medications.
- Educate clients about medications to be administered and keep a close watch on vital signs and assessment findings.
Medication Preparation
- Unit dose medications are prepared and packaged individually by the pharmacy.
- Multi-dose vials contain more than one dose and can be used for multiple clients.
- Proper handling and labeling of medication are crucial to prevent errors.
Routes of Administration
- Major routes include enteral (oral, rectal), topical, and parenteral (injection).
- Medications like acetaminophen can be administered through multiple routes based on patient needs.
- Pills should only be split using a clean pill cutter; an unscored pill must be checked with a pharmacist.
Oral Medications
- Different forms: oral tablets, capsules, liquids, buccal, and sublingual.
- Tablets can be scored, delayed, or extended release, while capsules usually provide faster action due to gelatin coating.
- Nurses must recognize whether medications should be taken with food or on an empty stomach.
Nasal and Vaginal Medications
- Nasal medications treated for various conditions require clean nostrils for effective absorption.
- Frequent use of decongestants can lead to rebound congestion due to tissue swelling.
- Vaginal medications assist in treating infections or providing hormonal support; gloves should be used during administration.
Rectal Medications
- Rectal administration is relevant for patients unable to swallow or those with intestinal obstruction.
- Suppositories require the rectum to be empty for maximum effectiveness, and patients should refrain from passing stool for at least 20 minutes post-administration.
- Caution is required for patients with recent rectal surgery or bleeding risks.
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Description
This quiz covers essential topics in medication administration, including dosage calculations, medication preparation, and different routes for administering medications such as oral and intravenous. Additionally, it reviews client education, assessments prior to administration, evaluation of effectiveness, and the recognition of adverse and allergic reactions.