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Questions and Answers
What is a prerenal cause of Acute Kidney Injury?
What is a prerenal cause of Acute Kidney Injury?
Which of the following is a complication associated with Acute Kidney Injury?
Which of the following is a complication associated with Acute Kidney Injury?
What nursing diagnosis is associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Acute Kidney Injury?
What nursing diagnosis is associated with decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in Acute Kidney Injury?
Which of the following nursing interventions focuses on fluid management in Acute Kidney Injury?
Which of the following nursing interventions focuses on fluid management in Acute Kidney Injury?
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What dietary consideration is essential for the management of Acute Kidney Injury?
What dietary consideration is essential for the management of Acute Kidney Injury?
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What is a primary goal in the medical management of Acute Kidney Injury?
What is a primary goal in the medical management of Acute Kidney Injury?
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Which factor is considered a prerenal cause of Acute Kidney Injury?
Which factor is considered a prerenal cause of Acute Kidney Injury?
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Which clinical manifestation is primarily associated with Acute Kidney Injury?
Which clinical manifestation is primarily associated with Acute Kidney Injury?
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What is a common nursing intervention when managing a patient with Acute Kidney Injury?
What is a common nursing intervention when managing a patient with Acute Kidney Injury?
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Which medication class is commonly used in the medical management of Acute Kidney Injury?
Which medication class is commonly used in the medical management of Acute Kidney Injury?
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Study Notes
Epidemiology
- 2,000 to 3,000 cases per year
Pathophysiology
- Rapid and progressive azotemia
Causes
- Prerenal: External factors reducing renal blood flow
- Intrarenal: Direct damage to the renal system
- Postrenal: Mechanical obstruction of the lower urinary tract
Medical Management
- Treatment: Eliminate cause, prevent complications, assist in recovery
- Medications: Diuretics
Complications
- Hyperkalemia
Nursing Management: Assessment and Analysis
- Clinical manifestations related to decreased GFR, fluid overload, and impaired clearance of electrolytes.
Nursing Management: Nursing Diagnoses
- Excess fluid volume
- Fatigue
- Anorexia
- Nausea/vomiting
Nursing Interventions: Assessments
- Vital signs
- Urine output: Oliguric (less than 400ml per 24 hours)
- Dehydration
- Laboratory values
- Daily weight
- Oxygenation and breath sounds
- Peripheral vascular system
Nursing Interventions: Actions
- Manage fluid balance
- Administer medications as ordered
- Position, ambulation, cough, and deep breathing
- Skin care
- Monitor and document food intake
Nursing Interventions: Teaching
- Cause and treatment of AKI
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Management:
- Low sodium diet
- Limited protein intake
- Monitor urinary output
- Avoid nephrotoxins
- Dialysis may be required
Nursing Management: Evaluating Care Outcomes
- Normal urine excretion
- Elimination of waste products
- Absence of complications
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
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AKI is a condition characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function.
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Annually, there are an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 cases of AKI.
Pathophysiology of AKI
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AKI develops due to an abrupt and progressive increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels (azotemia).
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Prerenal causes are associated with external factors that decrease blood flow to the kidneys.
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Intrarenal causes directly damage kidney tissue.
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Postrenal causes involve obstructions in the lower urinary tract, blocking urine flow.
Medical Management of AKI
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Treatment focuses on eliminating the underlying cause, preventing complications, and supporting kidney recovery.
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Medications used include diuretics to promote fluid excretion.
Complications of AKI
- Hyperkalemia, an elevated potassium level, is a serious complication of AKI.
Nursing Management of AKI
Assessment and Analysis
- Nurses monitor for clinical manifestations related to decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fluid overload, and disturbances in electrolyte balance.
Nursing Diagnoses
- Common nursing diagnoses include:
- Excess fluid volume
- Fatigue
- Anorexia
- Nausea/vomiting
Nursing Interventions
-
Assessments include:
- Vital signs
- Urine output, particularly oliguria (urine output less than 400ml per 24 hours)
- Dehydration
- Laboratory values
- Daily weight
- Oxygenation and breath sounds
- Peripheral vascular system
-
Actions:
- Manage fluid balance.
- Administer medications as prescribed.
- Encourage positioning, ambulation, coughing, and deep breathing.
- Provide skin care.
- Monitor and document dietary intake.
Teaching
- Education focuses on:
- Cause and treatment of AKI.
- Management strategies:
- Low sodium diet.
- Limited protein intake.
- Careful monitoring of urinary output.
- Avoidance of nephrotoxic substances.
- Potential need for dialysis.
Evaluating Care Outcomes
- Evaluating care outcomes includes:
- Normal urine excretion.
- Elimination of waste products from the body.
- Absence of complications.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the nursing management of renal failure, focusing on assessment, interventions, and complications. This quiz covers essential aspects such as causes, medical management, and key nursing diagnoses related to renal issues. Perfect for nursing students and professionals seeking to enhance their understanding.
