Renal Failure

<p>Increased urea levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<blockquote> <p>66%</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tubulointerstitial nephritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cats usually survive longer than dogs with CKD</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Very variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sudden onset damage with reversible effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevention of AKI</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Always</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyuria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stricture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-op complication with ligated ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a reversible condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both renal pain and azotemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calculi</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It requires prompt diagnosis and treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal failure is defined as loss of urine concentrating ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyuria is an early sign of renal failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 66% functional loss of nephrons indicates renal failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of progression of renal failure is variable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The most common cause of CKD is tubulointerstitial nephritis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AKI is sudden onset damage to the kidneys that may be reversible or progressive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One should worry about increasing creatinine levels in a sick patient, even if it is not abnormal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A second ureteral obstruction in cats is significant and can cause complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI) is a priority when managing critical care and emergency patients with renal failure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The end result of renal failure is fibrosis, where scar tissue replaces functional nephrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retroperitoneal fluid if proximal injury, peritoneal fluid if distal injury close to bladder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calculi (esp calcium oxalate calculi in cats), blood clots, inflammatory debris (mucus or gunge with inflammatory cells).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stricture (eg repair of damage from previous ureteric calculus that passed), neoplasia (rare).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-operative complication with ligated ureter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydronephrosis, fibrosis (&quot;small kidney&quot;).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compensatory hypertrophy (&quot;big kidney&quot;).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Serious and life-threatening because often relying on the big kidney only for adequate renal function (small kidney likely non-functional or severely decreased function).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal pain and signs of azotaemia (acute kidney injury).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prompt diagnosis and treatment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversible renal dysfunction resulting in the rapid reduction of kidney function, typically accompanied by azotaemia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor renal perfusion, cardiovascular disease, severe hypoxia, nephrotoxins such as ethylene glycol, lily toxicity, grape/raisin toxicity, vitamin D supplements/human psoriasis creams, and NSAIDs at high doses especially in dehydrated patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Obstructive disease, infection, hypercalcaemia, cutaneous and renal glomerular vasculopathy, familial renal disease, inflammation/immune mediated disease, ischaemia/renal infarcts/vascular injury, and unknown causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ethylene glycol, lily toxicity, grape/raisin toxicity, vitamin D supplements/human psoriasis creams, and NSAIDs at high doses especially in dehydrated patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calculi, blood clots, and neoplastic lesions obstructing ureteric lumen. Urethral obstruction affects both kidneys, while ureteric obstruction affects one kidney at a time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Localized infection in the renal pelvis (pyelonephritis), systemic infection causing damage to the kidney (leptospirosis in dogs; FIP in cats), and renal abscess (large animals, very rare in small animals).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cause is currently unknown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juvenile nephropathy in Boxer dogs and renal dysplasia in Shih Tzu, Lhasa Apso, and Golden Retriever.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amyloidosis (especially in Sharpei and Abyssinian) and polycystic kidney disease (breed specific, Persians and related breeds).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glomerulonephritis and protein losing nephropathy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The cause is usually unknown, and the focus is on managing the consequences rather than treating the primary disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers