Wrap it all Up Respiratory System Quiz Game

Questions and Answers

What is a nursing intervention to assess a patient's airway obstruction?

Check the patient's temperature

Measure the patient's blood pressure

Evaluate the patient’s pulse rate

Assess the patient’s ability to swallow secretions (correct)

Which position is best for a patient struggling to clear their airway?

Lying flat on their back

Sitting upright with the head elevated (correct)

Sitting in a reclined position

Lying on their side with the head turned

What effect does a decreased number of cilia have on older individuals?

Reduces the ability to trap debris and pathogens. (correct)

Enhances overall respiratory health.

Supports better mucous clearance.

Increases the efficiency of lung function.

What is the appropriate dietary status for a patient following bronchoscopy until their gag reflex has returned?

NPO status Signup and view all the answers

Which position should a patient be placed in after bronchoscopy to assist with secretion removal?

Semi-Fowler's position Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication to monitor for in a patient post-bronchoscopy?

Laryngeal edema Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following signs indicates a possible laryngospasm after bronchoscopy?

Stridor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is classified as an antitussive?

Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles, Zonatuss). Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized as a severe form of asthma?

Status asthmaticus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale for keeping the head of the bed elevated after bronchoscopy?

To facilitate the removal of secretions. Signup and view all the answers

Which side effects might occur with the use of antitussive medications?

Drowsiness and constipation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of theophylline?

To dilate bronchial passages for improved airflow. Signup and view all the answers

What major symptom is associated with a pneumothorax?

Air rushing in through a chest wall defect. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes stertorous respirations?

Breathing with a harsh snoring sound. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a need for urgent intervention in a patient with asthma?

Use of accessory muscles for breathing. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom distinguishes hemothorax from pneumothorax?

Coughing up blood. Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by excessive swallowing in a postoperative tonsillectomy patient?

Bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is primarily characterized by a productive cough and shortness of breath in smokers?

Chronic bronchitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of high flow oxygen in COPD patients?

Decreased respiratory drive Signup and view all the answers

The condition characterized by pus in the pleural space is called what?

Empyema Signup and view all the answers

What outcome may occur due to overuse of decongestants like phenylephrine?

Worsening symptoms Signup and view all the answers

When assessing a patient with dyspnea, which symptom is a key indicator of a potential respiratory problem?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is part of the upper respiratory tract?

Pharynx Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the respiratory system if there is a loss of the gag reflex?

Risk of aspiration Signup and view all the answers

What is a classic sign of chronic bronchitis?

Productive cough in the morning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common risk factor for developing pneumonia?

Advanced age Signup and view all the answers

When a patient presents with dyspnea and uses accessory muscles to breathe, what could this indicate?

Severe respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum duration a decongestant nasal spray should be continuously used?

3 to 5 days Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes the pathophysiology behind a barrel chest in emphysema?

Increased anteroposterior diameter from alveolar overinflation Signup and view all the answers

Which value is not included in arterial blood gas analysis?

PFO2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increased amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?

Hypercapnia Signup and view all the answers

Which is a key initial medical management for a patient with pulmonary embolus?

Administering heparin as prescribed Signup and view all the answers

What side effect might a patient taking rifampin expect?

Red-orange coloration of body fluids Signup and view all the answers

A patient with pleurisy is likely to experience which symptom?

Chest pain with breathing Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario might necessitate the use of supplemental oxygen?

Patient with reduced lung capacity Signup and view all the answers

For a patient presenting with hypoxemia, which finding might be present?

Cyanosis of the fingers Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from the collapse of lung tissue that prevents respiratory exchange of gases?

Atelectasis Signup and view all the answers

Following an open cholecystectomy, what complication is most likely if a patient aspirates vomit?

Aspiration pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is inappropriate when managing a patient with bronchiectasis?

Limit fluid intake Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pH range of blood?

7.35 to 7.45 Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is likely to worsen respiratory function in older adults, increasing pneumonia risk?

Decreased intercostal muscle elasticity Signup and view all the answers

After a laryngectomy, which intervention is essential for a patient with impaired verbal communication?

Offer writing materials Signup and view all the answers

In a patient diagnosed with active tuberculosis, what is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

Place the patient under AFB isolation precautions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does not contribute to gas exchange impairment in older adults?

Improved pulmonary blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes a characteristic of aspiration pneumonia?

It can occur when gastric contents enter the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factor may provide relief to a patient suffering from bronchiectasis?

Cool mist vaporizer Signup and view all the answers

Which element does not typically contribute to decreased lung function in the elderly?

Increased respiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using a cool mist vaporizer in patients with respiratory issues?

To enhance humidity levels in the respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change is expected to occur with aging regarding the respiratory system?

Thickening of alveolar walls Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the correct steps to manage a patient with a nosebleed?

Pinch the entire soft lower portion of the nose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using a closed chest tube drainage system?

It facilitates lung expansion by creating negative pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What does a lobectomy specifically entail?

Removal of a lobe of a lung. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect that patients might experience from antihistamines?

Drowsiness. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of asthma is primarily triggered by allergens?

Allergic asthma. Signup and view all the answers

For a patient with emphysema receiving oxygen therapy, what is the safest flow rate to administer?

2 Liters/minute. Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate nursing intervention for a patient at risk for aspiration?

Assess the patient's swallowing ability with head elevated. Signup and view all the answers

What factor increases the risk of upper respiratory tract irritation in older adults?

Dehydrated mucous membranes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern for patients receiving high flow oxygen?

It can increase the risk of carbon dioxide retention. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bronchial asthma is not caused by external allergens?

Intrinsic asthma. Signup and view all the answers

What would indicate that a patient is not managing their emphysema well?

Experiencing frequent shortness of breath. Signup and view all the answers

What step should be taken for a patient with a bleeding nose?

Apply ice compresses to the nose. Signup and view all the answers

During education for a patient about potential medications for allergies, what common side effect should be highlighted?

Fatigue and drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to include in the care plan of a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Ensuring an optimal position to facilitate ventilation. Signup and view all the answers

How would you educate the family about the procedure involved in a radical neck dissection?

The surgery will remove the cervical lymph nodes. Signup and view all the answers

What objective data would you expect in an unconscious patient with a traumatic injury to the nose?

Stertorous respirations. Signup and view all the answers

What is the antibiotic of choice to treat Anthrax?

Ciprofloxacin. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contribute to chronic bronchitis?

It is caused by environmental allergens. Signup and view all the answers

In a patient diagnosed with asthma, which of the following medications is most likely prescribed for quick relief?

Albuterol (Ventolin). Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of surfactant in the lungs?

To reduce surface tension in the alveoli. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is most indicative of pneumonia?

Fever and chills. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hypoxemia?

Overhydration. Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are correctly identified as part of the upper respiratory tract?

Pharynx, thyroid cartilage, conchae Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical side effect of using antihistamines?

Drowsiness Signup and view all the answers

What post-operative care should be provided to a patient after a bronchoscopy?

Monitor her for edema of the throat Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is primarily found in the larynx?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which substance is primarily responsible for airway resistance in the respiratory system?

Mucus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharynx in the respiratory system?

Serves as a passageway for air and food Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the turbinates (conchae) in the nasal cavity?

To warm and humidify inspired air Signup and view all the answers

Which type of respiratory issue is most likely to result from upper airway obstruction?

Atelectasis Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change occurs in emphysema that impacts gas exchange?

Decreased pulmonary blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with a barrel chest appearance in older patients?

Emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary cause of nasal polyps?

Prolonged sinus inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What could frequent swallowing indicate in a post-operative tonsillectomy patient?

Bleeding Signup and view all the answers

The normal pH of blood falls within which range?

7.35 to 7.45 Signup and view all the answers

In the context of pleural conditions, what is empyema?

Pus in the pleural space Signup and view all the answers

What defines a cough as nonproductive?

Lack of mucus production Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical action of antitussive medications?

Suppress the cough reflex Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is NOT part of arterial blood gas analysis?

Blood glucose level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications is most likely to arise from pulmonary embolism?

Hypoxemia Signup and view all the answers

What medication might help reduce the cough reflex in patients with respiratory conditions?

Hydrocodone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common risk factor for developing pneumonia?

Smoking habits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of administering heparin to a patient with a pulmonary embolus?

To prevent new clots from forming Signup and view all the answers

What does a lobectomy specifically involve?

Removal of a lobe of a lung Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is primarily used to identify the presence of microorganisms in cases of acute rhinitis?

Sputum cultures Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment would indicate complications following a bronchoscopy?

Coughing up blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the intercostal muscles in respiratory function?

To assist in the expansion and contraction of the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from the collapse of pulmonary alveoli, impeding gas exchange?

Atelectasis Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the expected changes in respiratory function in older adults?

Stasis pooling of respiratory secretions Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored for after a patient's bronchoscopy to ensure safety?

Gag reflex recovery Signup and view all the answers

Which potential complication may arise from a radical neck dissection?

Injury to the carotid artery Signup and view all the answers

When is a patient considered to have developed laryngeal edema?

Experiencing stridor and dyspnea Signup and view all the answers

Which definition best describes a radical neck dissection?

A procedure to remove cervical lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What age-related change places older adults at greater risk for pneumonia?

Loss of muscle elasticity in respiratory muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial focus of nursing management for a patient post-lobectomy?

Monitoring respiratory status Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indicator of post-operative complications in a patient who has undergone radical neck dissection?

Changes in speech or swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic feature of status asthmaticus?

Unresponsive airway obstruction Signup and view all the answers

What patient education should be provided regarding the side effects of rifampin?

It may cause a reddish-orange discoloration of body fluids. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laboratory tests is necessary for a patient on theophylline?

Serum theophylline levels Signup and view all the answers

What defines bronchiectasis in patient management?

Using a cool mist vaporizer for humidity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper term for the exchange of gases at the cellular level?

Internal respiration Signup and view all the answers

Which description is accurate for pleurisy?

Inflammation of the visceral and parietal pleura. Signup and view all the answers

Which medication classification does benzonatate belong to?

Antitussive Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with nasal polyps?

Stertorous respirations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following may exacerbate respiratory issues in older adults?

Decreased cilia function Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a typical management strategy for a patient with bronchiectasis?

Restricting physical activity to prevent fatigue. Signup and view all the answers

What treatment class is typically used during an acute asthma attack?

Short-acting bronchodilators Signup and view all the answers

What could potentially occur as a result of using excessive decongestants?

Rebound congestion Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the expected breath sounds during a pleurisy episode?

Pleural friction rub Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom may indicate a serious complication in respiratory conditions?

Acute chest pain Signup and view all the answers

What is a major symptom of chronic bronchitis in smokers?

Productive cough, especially in the mornings Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is most associated with aspiration pneumonia?

Aspiration during a seizure Signup and view all the answers

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily includes which diseases?

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema Signup and view all the answers

What pathological change in older adults increases the risk of respiratory tract irritation?

Drier mucous membranes and decreased cilia Signup and view all the answers

Which precaution is critical for managing a patient with active tuberculosis?

Acid-fast bacillus isolation Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of high flow oxygen in a COPD patient?

Depressed respiratory drive Signup and view all the answers

The nurse should monitor a patient post-cholecystectomy for which potential complication if they vomit?

Aspiration pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What does the use of accessory muscles to breathe indicate in a patient?

Severe respiratory distress Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical nursing intervention to prevent aspiration into the airway?

Assessing swallowing ability with the head elevated Signup and view all the answers

A patient experiencing dyspnea and productive cough with a history of smoking is likely suffering from:

Chronic bronchitis Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate nursing response to a patient with COPD who states they increase their oxygen during breathing trouble?

High flow oxygen can lead to reduced breathing drive. Signup and view all the answers

Which sign indicates a patient might be developing aspiration pneumonia?

Sudden onset fever Signup and view all the answers

Patients with chronic bronchitis often experience which physical change?

Barrel chest Signup and view all the answers

What respiratory intervention is crucial for patients with potential airway obstruction?

Assessing the ability to breathe with the head elevated Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing intervention for a patient experiencing epistaxis?

Apply ice compresses over the nose. Signup and view all the answers

The condition characterized by greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in the blood is called what?

Hypercapnia. Signup and view all the answers

When using a venturi mask for oxygen therapy, what is a key feature?

It delivers a consistent and accurate delivery of FIO2. Signup and view all the answers

In the management of acute pulmonary edema, which treatment is commonly administered?

Intravenous Nitroprusside (Nipride). Signup and view all the answers

What limitation should be instructed for a patient using a decongestant nasal spray?

Limit use to a maximum of 3 to 5 days. Signup and view all the answers

Which class of medication is typically used for acute treatment in asthma attacks?

Beta2 agonists. Signup and view all the answers

Extrinsic asthma is triggered by which of the following?

Environmental allergens. Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential component of a care plan for a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

Positioning the patient for optimal ventilation. Signup and view all the answers

Monitoring for potential hypercapnia is crucial in patients with which respiratory condition?

Chronic bronchitis. Signup and view all the answers

A patient exhibiting wheezing and shortness of breath is likely suffering from which type of respiratory condition?

Severe asthma attack. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common risk associated with excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays?

Rebound congestion. Signup and view all the answers

What can excessive oxygen flow lead to in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Carbon dioxide retention. Signup and view all the answers

During an acute asthma attack, which medication is least appropriate for immediate relief?

Leukotriene receptor antagonist. Signup and view all the answers

A patient with allergic rhinitis may benefit from what type of medication?

Antihistamines. Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical nursing intervention for a patient with impaired verbal communication after a laryngectomy?

Provide a pad and pencil or magic slate for communication. Signup and view all the answers

What change in oxygen flow rate can cause a decrease in respiratory drive in patients with emphysema?

2 Liters/minute Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct function of a closed chest tube drainage system?

To maintain negative pressure for lung expansion. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with the rebound effect of decongestants like phenylephrine?

Increased nasal congestion Signup and view all the answers

In the context of chronic bronchitis, what is a major contributing factor?

Airborne irritants, such as dust Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred antibiotic for treating anthrax?

Ciprofloxacin Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes the filling of the pleural space with air leading to lung collapse?

Pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

What is a key patient concern related to chronic use of a specific decongestant?

Development of rebound congestion Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from a medical emergency involving an influx of air through a chest wall injury?

Open pneumothorax Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most appropriate oxygen flow rate for patients with respiratory conditions like emphysema?

2 Liters/minute Signup and view all the answers

How does chronic bronchitis typically affect lung function?

It results in permanent lung damage. Signup and view all the answers

What impact does cigarette smoking have on chronic bronchitis?

It is one of the leading causes. Signup and view all the answers

What breathing pattern is expected in patients experiencing respiratory distress?

Increased use of accessory muscles for breathing Signup and view all the answers

What potential side effect might occur from high doses of oxygen in COPD patients?

Loss of respiratory drive Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Inability to Clear Airway

Involves obstruction in the airway leading to potential respiratory distress.
Prompt assessment is critical to determine the severity of the obstruction.

Nursing Interventions

Elevate the head of the bed to facilitate easier breathing and assist with swallowing secretions.
Assess the patient's ability to swallow secretions, noting any difficulty or aspirational risks.
Regularly assess and document breath sounds to identify abnormal patterns that may indicate obstruction, such as wheezing or stridor.
Monitor for changes in respiratory rate and effort as indicators of airway patency.
Ensure suction equipment is ready and functional to clear secretions if needed.
Educate the patient or caregivers about the signs of airway obstruction and appropriate actions to take.

Inability to Clear Airway

Obstruction in the airway can lead to the inability to clear it effectively, necessitating careful nursing intervention.
Assess the patient's capacity to swallow secretions; elevating the head of the bed can facilitate this process.
Document breath sounds to monitor the patient's respiratory status and identify any anomalies.

Older individuals experience drier mucous membranes, affecting their ability to humidify inhaled air.
A decreased number of cilia in the airways impairs the trapping of debris, increasing the risk of respiratory complications.
Understanding these physiological changes is crucial for implementing appropriate interventions and ensuring patient safety.

Post-Bronchoscopy Nursing Interventions

Maintain NPO (nothing by mouth) status until the patient's gag reflex returns to prevent aspiration.
Position the patient in a semi-Fowler's position to promote comfort and assist with lung expansion.
Encourage turning the patient to either side to help facilitate the removal of respiratory secretions.
Monitor for signs of laryngeal complications, including laryngeal edema or laryngospasm.
Observe for signs of respiratory distress such as stridor, which indicates airway obstruction, or increasing dyspnea.
Frequent assessment of vital signs and respiratory status is essential post-procedure.

Post-Operative Care for Bronchoscopy

Monitor for signs of laryngeal edema or laryngospasm, such as stridor or increasing dyspnea.
Keep the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) until the gag reflex returns to prevent aspiration.
Position the patient in semi-Fowler's to help facilitate the removal of secretions.

Antitussives

Antitussives suppress cough reflex by acting on the central nervous system or reducing throat irritation.
Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles, Zonatuss) is an example of an antitussive medication.

Asthma Management

Status asthmaticus: a severe form of asthma with airway obstruction unresponsive to medication, risking respiratory failure.

Types of Respiration

External respiration: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the environment.
Internal respiration: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level.

Pneumothorax

Caused by a collection of air in the pleural space, leading to lung collapse.
Associated with penetrating chest injuries that compromise pleural lining integrity.

Signs of Nasal Issues

Stertorous respirations, dyspnea, and postnasal drip are indicative of nasal polyps and a deviated nasal septum.

Theophylline Monitoring

Serum theophylline levels should be checked regularly to maintain therapeutic levels and avoid toxicity.

Nasal Polyps

Caused by prolonged sinus inflammation, often associated with allergies.

Diagnostic Tests for Acute Rhinitis

Sputum cultures help confirm the nature of infections that may complicate acute rhinitis, also known as the common cold.

Asthma Treatment

Beta2 agonists (e.g., albuterol) and corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone) are primary medications for acute asthma attacks.

Venturi Mask Use

Provides a consistent and accurate delivery of oxygen concentrations, ideal for patients requiring controlled oxygen levels.

Post-Operative Tonsillectomy Care

Increased swallowing in a post-operative patient may indicate excessive bleeding; vital to monitor closely.

Empyema

The presence of pus in the pleural space, often requiring drainage via chest tube.

Chronic Bronchitis Symptoms

Characterized by a productive cough, especially prominent in smokers, and the use of accessory muscles to breathe.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Includes diseases such as chronic bronchitis, emphasizing chronic airflow limitations.

COPD and Oxygen Therapy

High-flow oxygen can depress respiratory drive in COPD patients, risking respiratory failure.

Decongestant Overuse

Overuse of decongestants like phenylephrine may worsen symptoms (rebound effect), leading to increased congestion.

Upper Respiratory Tract Components

The pharynx and thyroid cartilage are key structures, facilitating air passage and supporting airway structure.

Nasal Spray Instructions

Decongestants should be limited to use for 3 to 5 days to avoid rebound congestion.

Barrel Chest in Emphysema

Defined as an increased anteroposterior diameter due to alveolar overinflation.

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Components

Standard values include pH, PCO2, and HCO3; however, PFO2 is not measured in ABG analysis.

Hypercapnia

Condition characterized by elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood.

Management of Pulmonary Edema

Management may include IV nitroprusside (Nipride), a potent vasodilator to reduce pulmonary congestion.

Pleurisy Definition

Involves inflammation of both visceral and parietal pleurae, causing chest pain with breathing.

Initial Management of Pulmonary Embolus

Administering heparin as prescribed is a primary intervention to prevent thrombus enlargement.

Rifampin Side Effects

Notable for causing red-orange discoloration of body fluids due to its excretory properties.

Atelectasis

Defined as the collapse of lung tissue, which impairs gas exchange, often resulting from obstruction.### Respiratory Conditions and Nursing Interventions
Atelectasis: Collapse of alveoli affecting gas exchange; results from air obstruction in lung areas.
Aspiration Pneumonia: Common post-surgery risk; occurs when vomitus is inhaled, especially in altered consciousness states.
Bronchiectasis Patient Teaching: Encourage fluid intake and humidification; restricting fluids is inappropriate.
Tuberculosis Precautions: Patients should be placed under acid-fast bacillus (AFB) isolation immediately upon suspicion.
Normal Blood pH Range: 7.35 to 7.45; deviations lead to acidosis or alkalosis.

Effects on Older Adults:
- Loss of elasticity in intercostal muscles and diaphragm reduces deep breathing and coughing ability.
- Inactivity increases risk of secretions pooling, leading to pneumonia.
- Dewcreased elasticity of airway and alveoli raises impaired gas exchange risks.

Postoperative Care

Post-Laryngectomy Communication: Provide alternatives for communication, like pads and pencils, to help patients express themselves.
Radical Neck Dissection Education: Involves removal of cervical lymph nodes often in conjunction with total laryngectomy.

Emergency and Treatment Protocols

Epistaxis Management: Apply ice compresses and direct pressure to the bleeding nostril; monitor closely for hypovolemic shock.
Closed Chest Tube Purpose: Maintains negative pressure in the lung cavity to prevent collapse.
Lobectomy: Surgical removal of a lobe of the lung, typically for cancer treatment.

Medications and Side Effects

Antihistamines: Common side effect is drowsiness; patients should be informed of this effect.
Drugs for Cough Suppression: Avoid using busulfan to prevent cough reflex when the cough is nonproductive.

Conditions and Nursing Assessments

Chronic Bronchitis Causes: Primarily due to cigarette smoking and environmental allergens.
Oxygen Administration in Emphysema: Use carefully; flow rates above 2 L/min can inhibit respiratory drive.
Aspiration Risk Assessment: Monitor swallowing ability while ensuring the head of the bed is elevated to prevent aspiration.

Pathophysiological Changes in Aging

Increased Respiratory Risk in Older Adults: Drier mucous membranes and reduced cilia make it harder to humidify air and trap debris, increasing inflammation risks.

Upper Respiratory Tract Structures

The upper respiratory tract includes the pharynx, thyroid cartilage (also known as the Adam's apple), and the conchae or turbinates.
Conchae increase the surface area for air movement, enhancing filtration and humidification.

Antihistamines Side Effects

Drowsiness is a common side effect of most antihistamines.

Post-operative Care After Bronchoscopy

Monitor for throat edema as a crucial part of post-operative care post-bronchoscopy.
Keep patients NPO (nothing by mouth) until the gag reflex returns and assist with positioning to aid secretion removal.

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis

ABG values include pH, PaCO2, PaO2, and HCO3; PFO2 is not part of this analysis.
Normal blood pH range is 7.35 to 7.45.

Surgical Procedures

A lobectomy involves the removal of a lobe of a lung, typically for treatment of lung cancer.
Radical neck dissection includes the removal of cervical lymph nodes, often performed alongside total laryngectomy in carcinoma cases.

Atelectasis

Defined as the collapse of lung tissue, interfering with gas exchange due to occlusion of airflow.

Pulmonary Embolus Management

Initial treatment often involves administration of anticoagulants such as heparin to prevent further thrombus formation.

Rhinitis Complications

Sputum cultures are used for diagnostics in cases of acute rhinitis and its complications.

Medications and Dosing

For Benadryl, a prescribed dose of 12.5 mg corresponds to ½ of a 25 mg tablet.

Older adults may face increased pneumonia risk due to decreased chest wall elasticity, weaker intercostal muscles, and reduced airway cilia.

Barrel Chest in Emphysema

Barrell chest is characterized by an increased anteroposterior diameter from overinflation of the alveoli, which is common in emphysema.

Nasal Polyps Causes

Prolonged sinus inflammation typically leads to the formation of nasal polyps.

Post-operative Observation in Tonsillectomy

Frequent swallowing in post-operative tonsillectomy patients may indicate bleeding complications.

Aspiration and Pneumonia Risks

Aspiration pneumonia is a significant concern after surgical procedures, especially in altered consciousness states.

Isolation Protocols for Tuberculosis

Patients diagnosed with active tuberculosis should be placed in acid-fast bacillus (AFB) isolation precautions immediately.

Chronic Bronchitis Indicators

Symptoms such as dyspnea, productive cough, and utilization of accessory muscles indicate chronic bronchitis, especially in smokers.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema, marked by persistent airflow limitations.

Aspiration Risk Assessment

For patients with potential aspiration, assessing the ability to swallow secretions is essential, and the head of the bed should be elevated during assessment.

Respiratory Signs in Patients

Stertorous respirations can characterize respiratory problems in patients with nasal septal deviations or polyps.### Common Disorders and Symptoms
Nasal Deviations and Polyps: Characterized by stertorous respirations (harsh snoring sound), dyspnea, and postnasal drip.
Status Asthmaticus: A severe, life-threatening asthma attack unresponsive to typical drug therapies, increasing risk of respiratory failure.
Rifampin Side Effects: Can cause reddish-orange discoloration of body fluids, including urine and skin secretions.

Clinical Considerations

Theophylline Therapy: Serum theophylline levels should be monitored to ensure therapeutic dosage and avoid toxicity.
Antitussive Medications: Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) is an effective antitussive that suppresses cough by acting on the central nervous system.
Bronchiectasis Management: Use of a cool mist vaporizer and encouraging frequent position changes are crucial, while limiting fluid intake is inappropriate.

Respiratory Function and Conditions

Types of Respiration: External (gas exchange between lungs and environment) and internal (gas exchange at the cellular level).
Pleurisy Definition: Inflammation of both visceral and parietal pleura surrounding the lungs.
Management of Epistaxis (Nosebleeds): Apply ice to the nose and monitor for hypovolemic shock; avoid leaning backward.

Respiratory Disorders and Treatments

Hypercapnia: Condition characterized by excess carbon dioxide in the blood.
Venturi Mask: Provides consistent, accurate delivery of oxygen concentration, ideal for controlled oxygen therapy.
Acute Pulmonary Edema Treatment: Commonly includes intravenous Nitroprusside, a potent vasodilator.

Medications and Their Uses

Decongestant Usage: Advise limiting nasal spray use to 3-5 days to prevent rebound congestion.
Asthma Attack Treatments: Initial treatment often includes corticosteroids and beta2 agonists like albuterol.
Extrinsic Asthma: Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust, and animal dander.

Care Planning in Unique Conditions

ARDS Patient Care: Optimal positioning is essential to improve ventilation and manage respiratory distress.
Decongestant Overuse Risks: May lead to intensified symptoms rather than relief.
Chronic Bronchitis Causes: Primarily caused by cigarette smoking and environmental allergens, such as dust.

Emergency Care Scenarios

Pneumothorax Identification: Characterized by air rushing into the chest cavity through a wound, creating a sucking sound.
Oxygen Therapy for Emphysema: Use flow rates not exceeding 2 liters per minute to avoid suppressing the respiratory drive.

Antibiotic Treatment for Infections

Anthrax Treatment: Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) is the drug of choice due to its effectiveness against resistant strains.

Post-Surgical Considerations

Post-Laryngectomy Communication: Provide patients with writing materials or communication devices to facilitate interaction.
Closed Chest Tube Purpose: Maintains negative pressure in the thoracic cavity to support lung expansion and prevent collapse.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz focuses on nursing interventions related to airway obstruction, particularly the assessment of a patient's ability to swallow secretions and breath sounds. It emphasizes the importance of proper positioning and monitoring in critical care settings.