Questions and Answers
What is the purpose of infusing isotonic IV solutions in patients with fluid volume deficit?
To raise their blood pressure
What type of IV fluid has a similar concentration of dissolved particles as blood?
Isotonic solution
What is the result of infusing too much isotonic fluid?
Excessive fluid volume or hypervolemia
What type of IV fluid has a lower concentration of dissolved solutes than blood?
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What is the effect of infusing hypotonic IV solutions on the blood?
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What is the significance of osmosis in IV fluid administration?
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What is the example of an isotonic IV solution mentioned in the text?
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What is the example of a hypotonic IV solution mentioned in the text?
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What occurs when hypotonic IV solutions are administered, and how does it affect the concentration of solutes in the bloodstream and within the cell?
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What is the primary concern when administering hypertonic IV solutions, and how does it affect serum sodium levels?
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What is the main difference between isotonic and hypotonic IV solutions, and how do they affect red blood cell size?
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What is the primary use of Lactated Ringer's Solution (LR), and what is a contraindication for its use?
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What is the effect of infusing 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) on the intravascular space, and why is it not used for fluid resuscitation?
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What is the primary concern when using 0.45% Sodium Chloride (0.45% NaCl) to treat intracellular dehydration, and what patient population should it be avoided in?
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What is the primary use of 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl), and what should be monitored closely during its administration?
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What is the effect of hypertonic IV solutions on the osmotic movement of water, and how does it differ from isotonic and hypotonic solutions?
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What is the effect of infusing isotonic IV solutions on red blood cell size, and how does it differ from the effect of hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?
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What is the primary concern when administering 3% sodium chloride (3% NaCl) hypertonic IV solution, and how does it affect the concentration of solutes in the intravascular space?
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What is the primary purpose of administering 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W)?
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Identify two critical monitoring requirements for 3% Sodium Chloride (3% NaCl).
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Why should 5% Dextrose and 0.45% Sodium Chloride not be used in patients with heart failure?
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What additional benefit does Lactated Ringer’s provide when used with 5% Dextrose?
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Differentiate between osmolarity and osmolality.
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What condition is 5% Dextrose in Water particularly contraindicated in?
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List one potential life-threatening complication associated with fluid shifts from 5% Dextrose in Water.
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For what acute condition is 3% Sodium Chloride primarily used?
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What should be monitored when administering hypertonic solutions?
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What is a significant risk of administering hypertonic fluids to patients with cellular dehydration?
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Study Notes
Intravenous Solutions
- IV fluids are prescribed to patients who experience deficient fluid volume, restoring fluid to the intravascular compartment and facilitating fluid movement between compartments due to osmosis.
- There are three types of IV fluids: isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic.
Isotonic Solutions
- Isotonic solutions have a similar concentration of dissolved particles as blood.
- Example: 0.9% Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl).
- When administered, isotonic IV solutions do not cause osmotic movement of fluid between compartments.
- Used for patients with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia) to raise blood pressure.
- However, infusion of too much isotonic fluid can cause excessive fluid volume (hypervolemia).
Hypotonic Solutions
- Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of dissolved solutes than blood.
- Example: 0.45% sodium chloride (0.45% NaCl).
- When administered, hypotonic IV solutions cause osmotic movement of water from the intravascular compartment into the intracellular space.
- Used to treat cellular dehydration.
- May cause cerebral edema if too much fluid moves out of the intravascular compartment into cells.
- May worsen hypovolemia and hypotension if too much fluid moves out of the intravascular space and into cells.
Hypertonic Solutions
- Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of dissolved particles than blood.
- Example: 3% sodium chloride (3% NaCl).
- When administered, hypertonic IV solutions cause osmotic movement of water out of the cells and into the intravascular space.
- Used to treat severe hyponatremia and cerebral edema.
- May cause hypervolemia, hypernatremia, and associated respiratory distress.
Comparison of IV Solutions
- See Table 15.3 for a comparison of types of IV solutions, their uses, and nursing considerations.
Osmolarity and Osmolality
- Osmolarity refers to the proportion of dissolved particles in an amount of fluid.
- Osmolality refers to the proportion of dissolved particles in a specific weight of fluid.
- The terms osmolarity and osmolality are often used interchangeably in clinical practice.
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Description
Learn about intravenous solutions, their purpose in restoring fluid to the intravascular compartment, and their role in treating deficient fluid volume in patients.