Exam Review

Severe symptoms like dyspnea, blurred vision, severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and anxiety may indicate a hypertensive crisis requiring further assessment.

Regular exercise (3-4 days/week, 40 minutes/day) is part of hypertension management.

Spironolactone can cause elevated potassium levels.

Smoking is NOT something that is addressed through lifestyle choices needed for venous insufficiency.

Clients with Reynaud's Disease should avoid caffeinated beverages.

Quitting smoking is crucial in managing Buerger's disease.

Pain triggered by exercise is a symptom of suspected intermittent claudication, usually related to PAD (Peripheral Artery Disease).

Clients with PAD should avoid crossing their legs to maintain blood flow.

Nurses teaching should not include pushing residual limb down for prosthesis prep.

Nurse should instruct client to take prescribed Gabapentin for pain.

A therapeutic response to heparin in DVT is indicated by a prolonged APTT (not 60 sec).

Atropine for A Fib with pulse of 145 and dizziness needs further assessment.

Correct client understanding involves knowing expected bed rest (2-6hrs).

Client inability to shower post pacemaker insertion needs extra teaching.

Discharge instructions for heart failure should include gradually increasing walking.

Client reporting feeling tired and weak may indicate hypokalemia in diuretic users.

Older adults are at higher risk for osteoporosis. Factors include reduced calcium intake, caffeine consumption, steroid use, and inadequate vitamin D. Encourage daily walking and calcium-rich foods like salmon and fortified milk.

Ulnar deviation is a late-stage manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis, indicating joint damage and deformity.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a high priority for monitoring after arthroplasty, especially within the first 12 hours.

Prevent DVT after arthroplasty by encouraging movement, compression stockings, and anticoagulants as prescribed.

A serious condition that occurs when fat globules from bone marrow travel to the lungs and other organs, blocking blood flow. It often develops after long bone fractures or after orthopedic surgery.

Nurses need to be vigilant in orthopedic units and promptly notify the physician if a client with skeletal traction has their weights dislodged or bumped.

Gout is a painful inflammatory condition caused by the build-up of uric acid crystals in the joints, often in the big toe.

A persistent bone infection characterized by inflammation, pain, and elevated ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).

Elderly individuals with compromised health, especially those with impaired mobility and pressure ulcers, are at a significantly higher risk of developing osteomyelitis.

A normal sinus rhythm on an EKG is characterized by a QRS duration of less than 0.08 seconds.

Clients with Type 2 diabetes should be informed they may need insulin injections temporarily if they have surgery or become ill.

A serum creatinine level of 1.8 in a client scheduled for a CT scan with contrast should be questioned by the nurse.

Modifiable risk factors for atherosclerosis are those that can be changed through lifestyle changes. Examples include exercise, diet, and smoking cessation.

A therapeutic response to heparin in a client with DVT is indicated by a prolonged APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time).

The priority action for a client who becomes suddenly unresponsive is to assess the client's pulse.

The nurse should anticipate administering diltiazem by IV push for a client presenting with atrial fibrillation.

Clients undergoing a cardiac catheterization should understand that bed rest is expected for 2-6 hours after the procedure.

Clients who have received a pacemaker should be instructed on the importance of showering post-insertion, and if they report difficulty showering, it requires additional teaching.

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can contribute to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

After turning a client on their side during a seizure, the nurse should record the start time and observations of the seizure.

Decerebration is a neurological sign characterized by the arms and legs held straight out, toes pointed downward, head and neck arched backwards, and muscles tightened and held rigidly.

Clients receiving interferon injections for Multiple Sclerosis should contact their healthcare provider if they develop a sore throat with cough.

Younger individuals, especially Caucasians, are more likely to develop type 1 diabetes.

Insulin injections should always be administered outside of a 2-inch radius around the umbilicus.

NPH insulin typically peaks around 1600 hours after administration.

Clients with diabetes should adjust their carbohydrate intake based on unplanned exercise.

Pioglitazone, a diabetes medication, is contraindicated in clients with a history of symptomatic heart failure.

A healthy blood glucose range is typically between 70 and 110 mg/dL.

The correct order for administering regular and NPH insulin is: inspect, roll, clean, air NPH, air regular, withdraw regular, withdraw NPH.

Regular insulin is a fast-acting insulin, while NPH is an intermediate-acting insulin with a longer duration of action.

People with type 1 diabetes need to check their blood sugar regularly, especially before and after exercise.

People with type 2 diabetes need to take extra care of their feet, especially if they have numbness or reduced sensation.

If someone with type 1 diabetes is unconscious and their blood sugar is very high, you need to give them glucagon.

Low blood sugar can cause symptoms like feeling irritable, shaky, and confused.

When people with type 2 diabetes get sick, they are more likely to have high blood sugar.

This happens when blood sugar drops low at night, then rebounds high in the morning.

If someone with type 2 diabetes is on an intensified insulin regimen, their blood sugar should be within normal ranges.

If you feel low blood sugar, drink half a cup of fruit juice or eat something sugary.