Bone Disorders and Perioperative Care Quiz

A fracture in which the bone breaks in a twisting motion.

A fracture in which the bone bends and cracks, but does not completely break. Commonly seen in children.

A fracture in which the bone is broken into many pieces.

A bone disease that causes bone to become weak and brittle.

A bone infection.

Increased pressure within a confined muscle compartment.

Deep Vein Thrombosis, formation of a blood clot in a deep vein.

A sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep.

A state of insufficient sleep.

A potentially life-threatening complication that may occur when patients with severe malnutrition are reintroduced to nutritional support.

Assessment for compartment syndrome in patients with casts involves monitoring for signs like accelerating pain, numbness/tingling, and decreased pulses in the affected extremity.

Before administering Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate), nurses must assess bowel sounds to monitor for potential complications like bowel obstruction or ileus.

A pregnant client experiencing increased urinary frequency in the first trimester may be concerned about a urinary tract infection (UTI), but nurses should ask about pain during urination as a key diagnostic indicator.

To prevent recurrence of uric acid kidney stones, patients should avoid consuming foods high in purines, like sardines and liver.

Nurses monitoring patients with excess fluid volume should be alert for symptoms like hypertension, as it often indicates fluid overload.

A low hemoglobin (8.0) in a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) suggests decreased levels of erythropoietin, leading to lower hemoglobin production.

Patients receiving loop diuretics should be monitored for potential side effects such as weak, irregular pulse, and poor muscle tone, as indicators of low potassium (hypokalemia).

When an acute kidney injury (AKI) patient experiencing hypokalemia asks about intravenous insulin, the nurse explains that it is prescribed to promote potassium uptake into cells and correct the imbalance.

Giving IV glucose concurrently with other medications can help prevent hypocalcemia, which is a low calcium level in the blood.

Insulin helps move potassium into cells, thereby lowering the potassium level in your blood.

During the oliguric phase of acute kidney injury (AKI), the body produces very little urine, and the nurse monitors for complications like ECG changes and pulmonary edema.

Lactated Ringer's solution (LR) is the typical fluid replacement for patients with a fluid volume deficit.

Patients starting hemodialysis for chronic kidney disease (CKD) can have a higher protein intake because dialysis removes urea and creatinine, waste products normally filtered by the kidneys.

Diuretics can lower potassium levels. A nurse should report a potassium level below 3.5 to the physician.

The effectiveness of calcium carbonate (Caltrate) for CKD patients is monitored by checking phosphate levels.

For a patient with acute kidney disease (AKD) and a high potassium level (7.0), the nurse should prioritize: checking medications for potassium content, monitoring the patient's heart rhythm, and notifying their primary health care provider.

Stopping smoking before surgery is crucial for reducing complications. Smoking can impair wound healing, increase infection risk, and negatively affect lung function.

When a pre-op patient has questions, it's important to address them before surgery. Time constraints do not justify neglecting patient communication.

To prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) after surgery, nurses use Sequential Compression Devices (SCDs) and encourage leg and foot exercises.

Nurses assess pain levels regularly and administer medications like fentanyl cautiously, considering patient history and vital signs.

GERD is a condition causing heartburn. Nexium is a medication that reduces stomach acid production, thereby treating GERD symptoms.