Bone Disorders and Perioperative Care Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a primary characteristic of isotonic fluids when administered to a patient?

  • They cause a rapid decrease in blood pressure.
  • They cause fluid to move into cells.
  • They maintain the same osmotic pressure as blood. (correct)
  • They reduce blood volume immediately.

Which of the following is the primary cause of fluid deficit in patients?

  • Inadequate fluid intake (correct)
  • Increased filtration pressure
  • Hypertonic fluid administration
  • Excessive fluid retention

What commonly indicates the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in lab findings?

  • Decreased creatinine levels
  • Diminished glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (correct)
  • Elevated sodium levels
  • Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Which medication is contraindicated for a patient with peptic ulcer disease?

<p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant clinical manifestation of acute kidney injury (AKI) in its oliguric phase?

<p>Decreased urine output (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is prioritized for a patient with peritonitis?

<p>Broad-spectrum antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When distinguishing between upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeds, which assessment finding is most indicative of an upper GI bleed?

<p>Black, tarry stools (melena) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of acute kidney injury (AKI) is primarily characterized by renal output returning to normal?

<p>Recovery phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of uric acid kidney stones?

<p>High uric acid levels in the blood (hyperuricemia) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is critical when assessing a patient for incontinence?

<p>Comprehensive bladder diary maintenance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the role of patient education in perioperative care?

<p>Patient education is essential for understanding signs and symptoms before surgery. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication that may arise postoperatively related to immobility?

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor to assess when managing a patient at risk for osteoporosis?

<p>The patient’s dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of sleep hygiene, which of the following practices would most likely impede sleep?

<p>Using electronic devices right before bed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common sign of refeeding syndrome?

<p>Hypophosphatemia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is most likely occurring in a patient presenting with unilateral lower extremity pain and redness post-operatively?

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary concern when using TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition)?

<p>Fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor distinguishes osteomyelitis from other bone disorders?

<p>Infection of the bone tissue. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory value would most likely indicate an adverse nutritional status related to metabolic syndrome?

<p>Elevated LDL cholesterol levels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In managing a patient with gout, which dietary change is most important?

<p>Reduce consumption of alcohol and sugar-sweetened beverages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in fluid excess?

<p>Congestive heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary electrolyte imbalance associated with acute kidney injury (AKI)?

<p>Hyperkalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lab finding would best indicate a progression in chronic kidney disease (CKD)?

<p>Increased creatinine levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely consequence of untreated hyperkalemia in a patient with renal failure?

<p>Cardiac arrest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is most indicative of lower gastrointestinal bleeding?

<p>Hematochezia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications should be avoided in a patient with peptic ulcer disease due to their potential to exacerbate symptoms?

<p>NSAIDs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What intervention is prioritized for a patient presenting with acute abdomen and suspected peritonitis?

<p>Initiate intravenous antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary restriction is essential for a patient with uric acid kidney stones?

<p>Decreased protein intake (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of chronic kidney disease, which clinical manifestation typically indicates progression to a more advanced stage?

<p>Persistent fatigue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What finding is closely monitored in patients with acute kidney injury to assess renal function?

<p>Serum creatinine level (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by acute inflammation of the bone due to infection?

<p>Osteomyelitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical nursing intervention before contacting a provider for a patient experiencing unilateral lower extremity pain and redness?

<p>Check the patient's vital signs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically considered a sign of sleep deprivation?

<p>Increased energy levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary dietary recommendation for a patient managing gout?

<p>Limit purine-rich foods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of perioperative care, which of the following is the exception regarding informed consent?

<p>Patients do not need to understand the procedure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is most likely to occur after a surgical procedure due to immobility?

<p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major nursing consideration when caring for a patient on Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)?

<p>Assess for signs of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should a nurse prioritize in patient education preoperatively?

<p>Recognizing concerning signs/symptoms prior to surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that impairs wound healing related to smoking?

<p>Reduction in collagen synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a primary characteristic of compartment syndrome?

<p>Muscle weakness in the affected area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fracture Types

Different ways a bone can break, categorized by the extent of the break.

Osteoporosis

A bone disease characterized by reduced bone density and increased risk of fractures.

Osteomyelitis

Bone infection.

Gout

A type of inflammatory arthritis caused by excess uric acid.

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Compartment Syndrome

Occurs when pressure builds up inside a muscle compartment, potentially damaging muscles and nerves.

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DVT

Deep Vein Thrombosis: blood clot in a deep vein, typically in the leg.

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Parenteral Feedings

Nutrients delivered directly into a vein.

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Sleep Apnea

A sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing during sleep.

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Sleep Hygiene

Practices to improve sleep quality.

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Refeeding Syndrome

Metabolic complications that can result from too rapid reintroduction of nutrition to malnourished patients.

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IV Fluid Types

Different solutions used intravenously to replace or balance fluids and electrolytes in the body.

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Hypovolemic Shock

A serious condition caused by significant fluid loss, often leading to decreased blood pressure and organ damage.

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Hyperkalemia

High potassium levels in the blood.

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Fluid Deficit

Loss of body fluids, resulting in dehydration.

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CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease)

Progressive loss of kidney function over time.

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AKI (Acute Kidney Injury)

Sudden and severe decrease kidney function.

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Uric Acid Kidney Stones

Kidney stones formed due to high levels of uric acid.

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Incontinence Types

Different types of urinary incontinence (e.g., stress, urge, overflow).

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Lower GI bleed

Bleeding from the large intestine or rectum

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Upper GI bleed

Bleeding from the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.

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Post-op DVT

A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, typically in the leg, after surgery.

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Post-op Pneumonia

Lung infection that develops after surgery due to factors like immobility, anesthesia, and weakened immune system.

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Smoking and Wound Healing

Smoking negatively impacts wound healing by reducing blood flow and oxygen delivery to the wound, delaying tissue repair.

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Atopic Dermatitis

A chronic skin condition characterized by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin.

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TPN vs. PPN

TPN is a complete nutrition formula providing all the essential nutrients, while PPN provides partial nutrition and may be used for shorter durations.

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Metabolic Syndrome

A cluster of conditions including high blood pressure, high blood sugar, abdominal obesity, and abnormal cholesterol levels, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

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Signs of Low Albumin

Low albumin levels, a protein in the blood, can cause edema, fatigue, and slow wound healing.

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Sunscreen Guidance

Wearing sunscreen daily with an SPF of 30 or higher, applying liberally, and reapplying every 2 hours, especially when sweating or swimming, helps protect the skin from harmful UV rays.

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Isotonic Fluids

IV solutions with the same concentration of solutes as blood, preventing fluid shifts into or out of cells.

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Hypertonic IV Solutions

IV fluids with a higher concentration of solutes than blood, drawing water from cells into the bloodstream, increasing blood volume.

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Hypotonic IV Solutions

IV fluids with a lower concentration of solutes than blood, causing water to shift from the bloodstream into cells.

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Fluid Excess

Excess water in the body, leading to swelling (edema), and potentially congestive heart failure.

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Progressive loss of kidney function over time, leading to waste buildup and fluid imbalance.

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Sudden, severe decrease in kidney function, leading to waste buildup and fluid imbalance.

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Study Notes

Bone Disorders

  • Types of fractures (matching)
  • Osteoporosis
  • Osteomyelitis
  • Gout
  • Compartment Syndrome
  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • Post-operative ORIF patient case study (assessment, interventions using SBAR)
  • Case study: Post-op ORIF patient with one-sided lower extremity pain and redness (complication identification, pre-provider call interventions, SBAR report)

Perioperative Care

  • Patient education (pre-op, post-op, discharge)
  • Smoking cessation, concerning pre-op signs and symptoms, and discharge teaching timing
  • Prevention and management of complications (pneumonia, DVTs)
  • IV/oral pain management (medication choices)
  • Informed consent (surgery vs. surgeon visit)

Sleep

  • Sleep apnea (signs, symptoms, treatments)
  • Sleep deprivation (signs, Symptoms)
  • Sleep hygiene (best practices)
  • Bonus question: HR changes in age/fitness levels

Nutrition

  • Nursing considerations for parenteral/enteral feedings
  • Patient safety (PPN vs. TPN vs. tube feeding)
  • Metabolic syndrome (lab values, diagnostic studies)
  • Labs linking to nutritional status (signs/symptoms of low albumin)
  • Refeeding syndrome

Skin

  • Sunscreen guidance and recommendations
  • Wound healing (smoking impact)
  • Role of the skin (general)
  • Signs/symptoms of atopic dermatitis

Fluid and Electrolytes

  • Difference between hypo/hyper/isotonic fluids
  • Types of IV fluids (reference last two pages Electrolyte Quick Reference Guide in D2L)
  • Clinical manifestations and causes of hypo/hyper
  • Treatment for hyperkalemia
  • Causes of fluid deficit/excess (reference Fluid Imbalance Study Guide in D2L)
  • Fluid deficit/loss of fluid

Renal

  • Labs linking to kidney function (expected lab findings in CKD)
  • Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI) types
  • Clinical manifestations of each AKI phase
  • Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
  • Causes of uric acid kidney stones
  • Medications for chronic kidney disease (contraindications)
  • Assessment data before medication (lab results and assessment)
  • Excess extra fluid (perfussion/filtration issue)

GU

  • Incontinence (types, treatment, nursing considerations)

GI

  • Lower vs. upper GI bleeds (assessment findings, fluid volume deficit, priority interventions)
  • Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
  • Fistulas
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) (medications/treatments)
  • Peritonitis (treatments)
  • Peptic ulcer disease (medications to avoid, risk factors, causes)
  • Case study on abdominal pain using ADPIE (diagnostic studies, interventions, anticipated outcomes if untreated, and relevant lab value prediction).

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Description

Test your knowledge on a variety of topics related to bone disorders and perioperative care. This quiz covers fractures, osteoporosis, DVT, sleep considerations, nutrition management in nursing, and essential patient education. Assess your understanding of clinical practices and patient safety protocols in nursing care.

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