Bone Disorders and Perioperative Care
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes a cause of fluid excess?

  • Inadequate intake of fluids
  • Increased sodium retention (correct)
  • Excessive sweating
  • Increased cellular metabolism

    • What is a common clinical manifestation of hyperkalemia?

  • Ketonuria
  • Hypotension
  • Increased urination
  • Muscle weakness (correct)

    • During which phase of acute kidney injury (AKI) would you expect metabolic waste products to accumulate in the blood?

  • Prerenal phase
  • Oliguric phase (correct)
  • Initiation phase
  • Recovery phase

    • Which statement accurately reflects a key difference between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

    <p>Crohn's can affect any part of the GI tract, while ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary goal of treatment in a patient with peritonitis?

    <p>Prevent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom of osteoporosis that can often go unnoticed until a fracture occurs?

    <p>Loss of height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most likely complication in a post-operative ORIF patient experiencing one-sided lower extremity pain and redness?

    <p>Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended practice for improving sleep hygiene?

    <p>Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly used for managing symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea?

    <p>CPAP therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical nursing consideration when caring for a patient on TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition)?

    <p>Monitor blood glucose levels regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can negatively impact wound healing significantly?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In managing refeeding syndrome, which of the following is crucial for preventing complications?

    <p>Monitor electrolytes closely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common lab value that indicates nutritional status, specifically related to protein levels in the body?

    <p>Low albumin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bone Disorders

    • Types of fractures (matching)
    • Osteoporosis
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Gout
    • Compartment Syndrome
    • Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
    • Rhabdomyolysis
    • Case study: Post-op ORIF patient with one-sided lower extremity pain and redness (10 points)
      • Identify the complication (1 point).
      • List 3 nursing interventions to address prior to calling the provider (3 points).
      • Write a SBAR report for the provider (6 points).

    Perioperative Care

    • Patient education (pre-op, post-op, discharge instructions)
      • Smoking cessation
      • Concerning signs/symptoms prior to surgery
      • Discharge teaching timing
      • Prevention and management of post-op complications (e.g., pneumonia, DVTs)
      • IV and oral medications for pain management
      • Informed consent (when to send to surgery vs surgeon visit).

    Sleep

    • Sleep apnea: signs and symptoms, treatments (CPAP and non-CPAP)
    • Sleep deprivation: signs and symptoms
    • Sleep hygiene: best practices for improving sleep
    • Bonus question: HR changes in age/fitness levels (additional information on heart rate changes associated with age or fitness levels)

    Nutrition

    • Nursing considerations for patients on parenteral and enteral feedings
    • Patient safety concerns
    • Parenteral nutrition (PPN) vs total parenteral nutrition (TPN) vs tube feeds
    • Metabolic syndrome
    • Lab values/diagnostic studies (fasting glucose, vital signs)
      • Labs that link to nutritional status (signs and symptoms of low albumin levels)

    Skin

    • Refeeding syndrome
    • Sunscreen guidance and recommendations
    • Wound healing (how smoking impacts healing)
    • Role of the skin in general
    • Signs/symptoms of atopic dermatitis

    Fluid and Electrolytes

    • Difference between hypo/hyper/isotonic fluids
    • Types of IV Fluids (reference last two pages, Electrolyte Quick Reference Guide in D2L)
    • Clinical manifestations and causes for hypo/hyper (reference Electrolyte Quick Reference Guide in D2L)
    • Treatment for hyperkalemia
    • Causes of fluid deficit and excess (reference Fluid Imbalance Study Guide in D2L)
    • Deficit=loss of fluid

    Renal

    • Labs that link to kidney function and expected lab findings in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
    • Causes of the types of acute kidney injury (AKI)
    • Clinical manifestations of each phase for AKI
    • Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
    • Causes of uric acid kidney stones
    • Medications for chronic kidney disease (information from PowerPoint)
    • Contraindications for medications
    • Assessment data prior to med administration. (lab results and/or physical assessment)

    GI (Gastrointestinal)

    • Incontinence (difference between types, treatment options, nursing considerations, nursing interventions)

    • Lower vs Upper GI bleeds: assessment findings with fluid volume deficit (select all that apply)

    • Priority interventions in a patient with a new GI bleed

    • Crohn's disease, Ulcerative Colitis

    • Fistulas

    • GI bleed

    • GERD: medications/treatments (H2 blockers and PPIs – how they work)

      • Peritonitis: treatments (priority)
      • Peptic ulcer disease: medications to avoid, risk factors/causes
      • Case study: Applying ADPIE to a patient with abdominal pain (10 points)
        • Identify the GI problem (1 point).
        • Identify expected elevated lab value (1 point).
        • Diagnostic studies to determine cause of pain (1 point) - interventions/treatments for this patient (6 points) - anticipate occurring if untreated (1 point)

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    Description

    This quiz covers important topics related to bone disorders, including various types of fractures, osteoporosis, and complications post-surgery. Additionally, it addresses perioperative care with a focus on patient education and management of postoperative complications. Prepare to test your knowledge on these critical healthcare areas.

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