أسئلة الـ Nose (ريتين ثانية أناتومي)

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Questions and Answers

What are the three functions of the paranasal sinuses?

They lighten the skull weight, provide resonance to the voice, and increase surface area for air conditioning.

Where do the frontal sinuses open anatomically?

The frontal sinuses open in the anterior part of the hiatus semilunaris, known as the infundibulum.

Which nerves supply the sphenoidal sinus?

The sphenoidal sinus is supplied by the posterior ethmoidal nerve.

Identify the largest paranasal sinus and its anatomical location.

The maxillary sinus is the largest and is located in the maxilla. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of extracting deep-rooted teeth in the maxilla?

It may cause a maxillary fistula. Signup and view all the answers

List the primary arterial supply to the external nose.

The external nose is primarily supplied by the dorsal nasal artery, infra-orbital artery, and the superior labial branch of the facial artery. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is considered the main arterial supply to the nasal septum?

The main arterial supply to the nasal septum is the spheno-palatine artery from the maxillary artery. Signup and view all the answers

Where do the posterior ethmoidal sinuses drain?

The posterior ethmoidal sinuses drain into the superior meatus. Signup and view all the answers

What separates the nostrils in the anterior part of the nose?

The nasal septum separates the nostrils. Signup and view all the answers

Which bones form the roof of the nasal cavity?

The roof is formed by the nasal bone, frontal bone, cribriform plate of ethmoid, and the body of sphenoid. Signup and view all the answers

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

The floor is formed by the hard palate, which consists of the palatine process of maxilla and the horizontal part of the palatine bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the vestibule in the nasal cavity?

The vestibule acts as a hairy part that provides a filter for inhaled air. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure receives the opening of the sphenoidal sinus?

The spheno-ethmoidal recess receives the opening of the sphenoidal sinus. Signup and view all the answers

What does the middle meatus primarily receive?

The middle meatus receives openings of the anterior ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the inferior concha from the superior and middle conchae?

The inferior concha is a separate bone, while the superior and middle conchae are parts of the ethmoidal bone. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the opening that the infundibulum receives.

The infundibulum receives the opening of the frontal sinus. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the significance of the maxillary sinus's anatomical location.

The maxillary sinus is the largest paranasal sinus and is located within the maxilla, making it significant for its function in air conditioning and lightening skull weight. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the paranasal sinuses contribute to voice resonance.

The paranasal sinuses enhance voice resonance by acting as a resonating chamber, allowing sound waves to amplify and enrich vocal tones. Signup and view all the answers

Identify two arteries that supply the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is supplied by the spheno-palatine artery and the anterior ethmoidal artery. Signup and view all the answers

What nerve supplies the anterior ethmoidal sinus and what is its significance?

The anterior ethmoidal sinus is supplied by the anterior ethmoidal nerve, which is crucial for sensation in the nasal cavity. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the implications of a potential maxillary fistula.

A maxillary fistula can complicate dental procedures, leading to abnormal communications between the oral cavity and the maxillary sinus. Signup and view all the answers

Which sinuses open into the superior meatus, and why is this relevant?

The posterior ethmoidal sinuses open into the superior meatus, relevant for drainage and preventing sinus infections. Signup and view all the answers

How does the supratrochlear nerve contribute to the nasal anatomy?

The supratrochlear nerve supplies sensation to parts of the external nose, influencing sensory perception in the area. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the infundibulum play in nasal anatomy?

The infundibulum serves as a channel for drainage from the frontal sinus into the nasal cavity, facilitating airflow. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the components that make up the nasal septum.

The nasal septum consists of a cartilaginous part, the vomer, and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. Signup and view all the answers

What structure serves as the boundary between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx?

The choana serves as the boundary, allowing the nasal cavity to open into the nasopharynx. Signup and view all the answers

What are the specific roles of the superior and middle conchae in the nasal cavity?

The superior and middle conchae increase the surface area in the nasal cavity and are associated with the openings of the respective ethmoidal sinuses. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the parts of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

The lateral wall includes the lacrimal bone, superior and middle conchae of the ethmoid, inferior concha, maxilla, palatine bone, and pterygoid plate. Signup and view all the answers

Define the spheno-ethmoidal recess and its significance.

The spheno-ethmoidal recess is located above the superior concha and receives the opening of the sphenoidal sinus. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature does the ethmoidal bulla perform?

The ethmoidal bulla receives the opening of the middle ethmoidal sinus. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the relationship between the hiatus semilunaris and the maxillary sinuses.

The hiatus semilunaris is located in the middle meatus and receives the openings of both the anterior ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses. Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical significance of the inferior meatus?

The inferior meatus is situated below the inferior concha and facilitates drainage for the nasolacrimal duct. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nose Anatomy

Boundaries:
- Anteriorly: Two openings called nostrils, separated by the nasal septum
- Posteriorly: Opens into the nasopharynx via the choanae
- Roof: Composed of the nasal bone, frontal bone, cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and body of the sphenoid bone
- Nasal Septum: Divides the nasal cavity; comprised of a cartilaginous part, vomer bone, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone
- Floor: The hard palate (palatine process of maxilla and horizontal palatine bone)
- Lateral Wall: Includes: lacrimal bone, superior and middle conchae of ethmoid, inferior concha, maxilla, palatine bone, and pterygoid plate

Features of Lateral Nasal Wall

Vestibule: Hairy part lining the nostril
Nasal Conchae: Structures within the lateral wall; superior and middle conchae are part of the ethmoid bone, while the inferior concha is a separate bone
Spheno-ethmoidal Recess: Located above the superior concha; receives openings of the sphenoidal sinus
Superior Meatus: Located below the superior concha; receives opening of the posterior ethmoidal sinus
Middle Meatus: Located below the middle concha; characterized by ethmoidal bulla (receives middle ethmoidal sinus), hiatus semilunaris (receives anterior ethmoidal and maxillary sinuses), and infundibulum (anterior part of hiatus semilunaris, receives frontal sinus opening)
Inferior Meatus: Located below the inferior concha; receives the opening of the nasolacrimal duct

Paranasal Sinuses

Function:
- Lightening of skull weight
- Resonance of voice
- Increasing surface area for air conditioning
Types:
- Frontal Sinus: Located in the frontal bone, opens into the anterior part of the hiatus semilunaris (infundibulum); innervated by supra-orbital and supra-trochlear nerves
- Sphenoidal Sinus: Located in the sphenoid bone, opens into the spheno-ethmoidal recess; innervated by the posterior ethmoidal nerve
- Ethmoidal Sinus: Located in ethmoid bone; multiple sinuses, posterior ethmoidal opens in the superior meatus, middle ethmoidal sinus opens in the ethmoidal bulla, and anterior ethmoidal sinus opens in the hiatus semilunaris
- Maxillary Sinus: Located in the maxilla; the largest sinus, usually present at birth; innervated by infra-orbital and superior alveolar nerves
Note: Extraction of deep-rooted teeth (canines, premolars, third molars) may cause maxillary fistula.

Arterial Supply

External Nose:
- Dorsal nasal artery (ophthalmic artery)
- Infra-orbital artery (maxillary artery)
- Superior labial branch (facial artery)
Lateral Wall:
- Spheno-palatine artery (maxillary artery) - this is the main artery supplying the nasal cavity
- Greater palatine artery (maxillary artery)
- Anterior ethmoidal artery (ophthalmic artery)
- Anterior superior alveolar artery (maxillary artery)
Nasal Septum:
- Spheno-palatine artery (maxillary artery)
- Greater palatine artery (maxillary artery)
- Anterior ethmoidal artery (ophthalmic artery)
- Superior labial branch (facial artery)
Little "Kiesselbach" area: Common site for epistaxis (nosebleed)

Nerve Supply

External Nose:
- Infra-trochlear nerve (ophthalmic nerve)
- External nasal nerve (ophthalmic nerve)
- Infra-orbital nerve (branches of the maxillary nerve)
Lateral Wall:
- Short and greater palatine nerves (maxillary nerve)
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve (ophthalmic nerve)
- Anterior superior alveolar nerve (maxillary nerve)
Nasal Septum:
- Nasopalatine nerve (maxillary nerve)
- Anterior ethmoidal nerve (ophthalmic nerve)
Olfactory Nerve: Located in the roof of the nasal cavity, passes through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone; lesion causes anosmia (loss of smell)

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