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What are the functions of the nose?
What are the functions of the nose?
Respiration, olfaction, protection of lower respiratory passage, conditioning the inspired air, vocal resonance, nasal reflex functions.
Which of the following are parts of the external nose?
Which of the following are parts of the external nose?
What clinical condition is associated with hypertrophy of sebaceous glands?
What clinical condition is associated with hypertrophy of sebaceous glands?
Rhinophyma
What is the arterial supply of the external nose?
What is the arterial supply of the external nose?
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What muscles are involved in the function of the external nose?
What muscles are involved in the function of the external nose?
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The nasal cavity is divided into the vestibule and the nasal cavity proper.
The nasal cavity is divided into the vestibule and the nasal cavity proper.
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What does the vestibule of the nose contain?
What does the vestibule of the nose contain?
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Where does the inferior meatus drain?
Where does the inferior meatus drain?
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Which region of the nasal cavity is lined with olfactory epithelium?
Which region of the nasal cavity is lined with olfactory epithelium?
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Kiesselbach’s plexus is formed by the septal branches of the anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine, greater palatine, and superior labial arteries.
Kiesselbach’s plexus is formed by the septal branches of the anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine, greater palatine, and superior labial arteries.
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What is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity?
What is the venous drainage of the nasal cavity?
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Study Notes
External Nose
- Parts: Includes the visible portion of the nose.
- Clinical Correlations: Rhinophyma (enlarged sebaceous glands).
- Arteries: Dorsal nasal (ophthalmic artery), infraorbital (maxillary artery), alar & septal (facial artery).
- Sensory Nerves: External/dorsal nasal and infratrochlear (ophthalmic nerve); infraorbital (maxillary nerve).
- Muscles: Procerus (wrinkles), nasalis (compresses nasal aperture), alar part of nasalis (dilates), depressor septi nasi (dilates anterior aperture); all innervated by facial nerve.
Nasal Cavity
- Divisions: Vestibule and nasal cavity proper.
- Vestibule: Contains vibrissae (coarse hairs), sweat glands, sebaceous glands; bordered superiorly by the limen nasi and medially by the columella.
- Clinical Correlations: Deviated nasal septum (DNS), correctable via submucous resection (SMR) or septorhinoplasty.
- Conchae: Superior and middle (ethmoid bone), inferior (independent bone), supreme (sometimes present).
Meatuses
- Inferior meatus: Nasolacrimal duct opening.
- Middle meatus: Bulla ethmoidalis (middle ethmoidal air cells), hiatus semilunaris (infundibulum of maxillary sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells, frontal sinus opening).
- Superior meatus: Sphenoidal sinus opening.
Nasal Cavity Lining & Arterial Supply
- Lining: Olfactory region (olfactory epithelium), respiratory region (pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium).
- Arterial Supply (Lateral Wall): Anterosuperior (anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries), anteroinferior (alar branch of facial artery & greater palatine artery branches), posterosuperior (sphenopalatine branch of maxillary artery), posteroinferior (greater palatine branch of maxillary artery). Supplied by branches of ophthalmic, maxillary, and facial arteries.
- Venous Drainage (Lateral Wall): Facial vein, retropharyngeal veins, pterygoid venous plexus.
- Lymphatic Drainage (Lateral Wall): Submandibular nodes, retropharyngeal and upper deep cervical lymph nodes.
Little's Area & Nasal Septum
- Little's Area (Kiesselbach's plexus): Formed by septal branches of anterior ethmoidal, sphenopalatine, greater palatine, and superior labial arteries; common site of nosebleeds.
- Arterial Supply (Nasal Septum): Anterosuperior (anterior & posterior ethmoidal arteries), posteroinferior (sphenopalatine & greater palatine arteries), mobile part (septal branches of superior labial artery).
- Venous Drainage (Nasal Septum): Superior ophthalmic vein, pterygoid venous plexus, internal jugular vein (via facial vein).
- Lymphatic Drainage (Nasal Septum): Submandibular lymph nodes, retropharyngeal lymph nodes.
- Nerve Supply (Nasal Septum): Olfactory nerves (olfactory zone), ophthalmic and maxillary branches of trigeminal nerve (remaining zones).
Functions of the Nose
- Respiration
- Olfaction (sense of smell)
- Protection of lower respiratory passages
- Conditioning inspired air (warming, humidifying, filtering)
- Vocal resonance
- Nasal reflex functions (e.g., sneezing)
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Description
Explore the intricate anatomy of the external nose and nasal cavity, including their parts, blood supply, and muscular structure. This quiz also covers clinical correlations such as rhinophyma and deviated nasal septum, showcasing the functional significance of these structures.
