Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which neurotrophin binds to both TrkB and p75 receptors?
Which neurotrophin binds to both TrkB and p75 receptors?
What is the primary role of neurotrophins in the context of neuronal survival?
What is the primary role of neurotrophins in the context of neuronal survival?
When does p75 induce apoptosis?
When does p75 induce apoptosis?
How does the size of a target tissue influence neuron survival?
How does the size of a target tissue influence neuron survival?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurotrophin signaling?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurotrophin signaling?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary outcome of reducing the target tissue size, as demonstrated by the ablation of the leg bud in chicken embryos?
What is the primary outcome of reducing the target tissue size, as demonstrated by the ablation of the leg bud in chicken embryos?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the TUNEL labeling technique differentiate between apoptotic and non-apoptotic cells?
How does the TUNEL labeling technique differentiate between apoptotic and non-apoptotic cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What evidence suggests that NGF plays a crucial role in the survival of neurons?
What evidence suggests that NGF plays a crucial role in the survival of neurons?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is apoptosis considered a vital process during embryonic development?
Why is apoptosis considered a vital process during embryonic development?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the peak of apoptosis in the embryo occurring around day 6-10?
What is the significance of the peak of apoptosis in the embryo occurring around day 6-10?
Signup and view all the answers
Flashcards
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
A substance that promotes the growth of neurons and is derived from target tissues.
Ablation
Ablation
The removal of a limb bud in embryos to study its effects on neuron development.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis
A process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
TUNEL labeling
TUNEL labeling
Signup and view all the flashcards
Protein synthesis in apoptosis
Protein synthesis in apoptosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
NGF
NGF
Signup and view all the flashcards
BDNF
BDNF
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neurotrophins
Neurotrophins
Signup and view all the flashcards
p75 receptor
p75 receptor
Signup and view all the flashcards
Neurotrophin signaling
Neurotrophin signaling
Signup and view all the flashcards
Study Notes
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) Discovery
- Rita Levi-Montalcini, awarded the Nobel Prize in 1986, investigated NGF's role in neural development.
- Removing a limb bud (reducing target tissue) in chicken embryos resulted in fewer motor neurons.
- Increasing the target area (grafting a limb bud) led to more motor neurons.
- This suggested a target tissue-derived substance promoting axon growth.
- NGF is found in snake venom and salivary glands.
Apoptosis
- Apoptosis, programmed cell death, is marked by DNA fragmentation.
- TUNEL labeling detects apoptosis by identifying fragmented DNA.
- Apoptosis needs protein synthesis, and blocking protein synthesis inhibits apoptosis.
- NGF promotes neuron survival; without NGF, neurons die.
- Blocking protein synthesis prevents neuron death even without NGF.
- Apoptosis in developing embryos, such as DRG and motoneurons, peaks around day 6-10.
- Inhibiting protein synthesis during this peak strongly reduces apoptosis.
Neurotrophins
- Key neurotrophins: NGF (TrkA, p75), BDNF (p75, TRkB), NT3 (p75, TrkC), NT4 (p75, TrkB).
- Neurotrophins bind to specific receptors (Trk and p75), impacting cell survival.
- Neuron populations adapt to specific neurotrophin needs, determined by target tissue.
- Neurotrophins control survival, adjusting neuron numbers to target tissue size.
- Excess neurons in inappropriate targets die due to lack of compatible neurotrophins.
- Neurotrophins influence, but do not guide, target finding.
Neurotrophin-mediated Innervation Adaptation
- Neurotrophins adapt innervation to target tissue size.
- Larger targets require more neurons.
- The number of neurons in specific areas (limbs vs trunk) is regulated to align with the target's needs.
Neurotrophin Signaling Mechanism
- Neurotrophin signaling involves endocytosis and retrograde transport.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on neurotrophins and their role in neuronal survival. This quiz covers key concepts such as receptor binding, apoptosis, and the influence of target tissue size on neuron survival. Perfect for students of neuroscience looking to reinforce their understanding of neurotrophic factors.
