Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main purpose of routine observations for a patient receiving narcotics?
What is the main purpose of routine observations for a patient receiving narcotics?
What are the potential interactions of narcotics with anti-hypertensive drugs?
What are the potential interactions of narcotics with anti-hypertensive drugs?
What is the effect of narcotics on mood?
What is the effect of narcotics on mood?
What is the impact of narcotics on sleep/drowsiness?
What is the impact of narcotics on sleep/drowsiness?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of acknowledging the Traditional Owners of lands across Australia?
What is the significance of acknowledging the Traditional Owners of lands across Australia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which opioid is a natural opiate and is the most effective analgesia for severe pain?
Which opioid is a natural opiate and is the most effective analgesia for severe pain?
Signup and view all the answers
Which synthetic opioid is more potent than morphine and is used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain or aiding in opiate withdrawal?
Which synthetic opioid is more potent than morphine and is used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain or aiding in opiate withdrawal?
Signup and view all the answers
Which opioid is usually administered orally for pain relief and cough suppression, with different dosages falling into different drug schedules?
Which opioid is usually administered orally for pain relief and cough suppression, with different dosages falling into different drug schedules?
Signup and view all the answers
Which synthetic opioid should not be combined with paracetamol and can cause severe respiratory depression leading to death in overdose?
Which synthetic opioid should not be combined with paracetamol and can cause severe respiratory depression leading to death in overdose?
Signup and view all the answers
Which opioid is available as transdermal patches and lozenges for chronic pain disorders and can be given IM and IV for pre-med and post-op pain?
Which opioid is available as transdermal patches and lozenges for chronic pain disorders and can be given IM and IV for pre-med and post-op pain?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Opiates and Opioids: Key Information
- Opiates and opioids activate opioid receptors in the CNS and PNS, causing analgesia, respiratory depression, and sedation.
- Morphine, a natural opiate, is the most effective analgesia for severe pain and is available in various routes of administration with different onset, peak, and duration times.
- Buprenorphine is a synthetic opioid more potent than morphine, used for short-term management of moderate to severe pain or aiding in opiate withdrawal.
- Codeine, a less potent opiate, is usually administered orally for pain relief and cough suppression, with different dosages falling into different drug schedules.
- Pethidine, a synthetic opioid analgesic, is used for moderate to severe pain in obstetrics, post-op, and anesthesia, with adverse effects including drowsiness and respiratory depression.
- Dextropropoxyphene, a synthetic opioid similar in potency to codeine, should not be combined with paracetamol and can cause severe respiratory depression leading to death in overdose.
- Semi-synthetic opioids with longer half-lives than morphine are available in tablet form and controlled release tablets for patients with swallowing difficulties.
- Oxycodone with naloxone controlled release is used for severe pain not responding to non-opioid analgesia, with naloxone blocking opioid receptors in the gut to reduce constipation.
- Fentanyl, a potent opioid analgesic, is available as transdermal patches and lozenges for chronic pain disorders and can be given IM and IV for pre-med and post-op pain.
- Tramadol, effective for moderate postoperative pain, has similar side effects to opioids but less respiratory depression, with naloxone reversing respiratory depression.
- Opioid receptor antagonists, such as naloxone, compete at opioid receptors to displace opioids, reversing their effects, but may exacerbate pain and precipitate withdrawal.
- Monitoring of sedation and respiratory rate is crucial for assessing the effectiveness of post-analgesia CNS, with the aim to keep sedation score below 2 and reduction of respiratory rate being a late indicator of overdose.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of opiates and opioids with this informative quiz! Explore key information about various opiates and opioids, their uses, adverse effects, and monitoring parameters. Perfect for healthcare professionals or anyone interested in understanding these important medications.
