Opiates and Opioids: History and Characteristics

What invention in 1853 led to a new and efficient way to administer drugs?

The invention of the hypodermic syringe

What was the main form of administration of morphine for those injured or suffering from dysentery during the Civil War?

Injectable preparations

What drug was recommended as an anti-cough agent and for treating morphine addiction?

Heroin

Which country is the main provider of heroin according to the given text?

Afghanistan Signup and view all the answers

What is the main form of heroin in SW Asia, including Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan?

Black sticky substance, known as black tar heroin Signup and view all the answers

Where were four heroin production sites dismantled in the EU in 2020?

Belgium and Czechia Signup and view all the answers

What has been the trend in heroin purity in Europe according to the given text?

Growing purity Signup and view all the answers

In what country were laboratories detected converting morphine to heroin, indicating local heroin production?

Bulgaria Signup and view all the answers

In which country has there been a consistent trend of increasing heroin purity from 2014 to 2020 according to the given text?

Romania Signup and view all the answers

In addition to Afghanistan, which country is a major provider of heroin according to the provided information?

Mexico Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the word 'narcotics'?

It comes from the Greek word for 'stupor' Signup and view all the answers

What is Laudanum?

An opium tincture Signup and view all the answers

In the 19th century, were there laws requiring labeling of opium medicines?

No, there were no laws requiring labeling Signup and view all the answers

How is opium obtained from the opium poppy plant?

By drying the milky fluid that seeps from cuts in the ripe seed pod Signup and view all the answers

Where is opium poppy cultivated?

In specific regions like the Golden Crescent, Golden Triangle, Mexico, Colombia, India, and China Signup and view all the answers

Which country has the highest percentage of global opium production?

Afghanistan Signup and view all the answers

Where is legal opium production carried out?

In India, Turkey, and Tasmania Signup and view all the answers

How is opium typically used?

Smoked, chewed, ingested, or snorted Signup and view all the answers

'Morphine' is responsible for which effects of opium?

Its pain-relieving properties Signup and view all the answers

'Morphine' was first isolated from opium by whom?

Armand Séguin and F. Sertürner Signup and view all the answers