Neuroscience Quiz on Neurons and Glial Cells

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Initiation of the action potential usually occurs ______ of the neuron.

at the axon initial segment (correct)

in the cell body

on the dendrites

on the axon

Which statement about an animal's nervous system is true?

Action potential signals degrade over distance.

Signal transmission rate is relatively slow.

Neurotransmitter is released throughout the body via the blood.

Neurons form highly discrete lines of communication. (correct)

For a hormone to elicit a specific response from a cell, the cell must possess

receptor proteins specific to the hormone. (correct)

dendrites specific to the hormone.

a cell body.

a synapse.

Which statement about the startle response of the cockroach is true?

Vibrations of hairs generate nerve impulses in sensory neurons. Signup and view all the answers

Which glial cells are found in the peripheral nervous system?

Schwann cells Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about glial cells is true?

They help supply metabolic substrates to neurons. Signup and view all the answers

The separation of positive and negative charges constitutes

a voltage. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about membrane capacitance is true?

It is in series with membrane resistance. Signup and view all the answers

What is occurring at the membrane?

Depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast nervous systems and endocrine systems.

Neural and endocrine systems are both systems for communication within the body. Nervous systems are faster and capable of much finer temporal and spatial control, whereas endocrine systems typically control more widespread and prolonged activities. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the startle response in the cockroach.

The cockroach's startle response is a reflex. Sound waves or air vibrate the filiform hair receptors, which generate impulses in sensory neurons. The sensory neurons excite the giant interneurons that synapse with leg motor neurons. Once excited, the leg motor neurons activate the leg muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What are glial cells and how do they aid in the function of the nervous system?

Glial cells are the support cells of the nervous system. They form the myelin around neurons, which increases action potential velocity. They surround capillaries and act as metabolic intermediaries between neurons and their circulatory supply. They also serve immune and scavenging functions in order to protect surrounding neurons. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Multiple Choice Questions

Initiation of Action Potential: The action potential usually begins at the axon initial segment of a neuron.
Nervous System Function: Neurons form discrete communication lines, and signal transmission is relatively slow, not via the blood stream.
Hormone Response: For a hormone to trigger a specific cellular response, the target cell must have receptor proteins that are specific to the hormone.
Cockroach Startle Response: Vibrations of hairs activate sensory neurons, which then connect to the spinal cord.

Multiple Choice Questions (continued)

Peripheral Nervous System Glial Cells: Schwann cells are a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system.
Glial Cell Function: Glial cells play metabolic roles in supporting neurons.
Membrane Potential Components: Membrane potential is created by the separation of positive and negative charges.
Membrane Capacitance: Membrane capacitance is in series with membrane resistance.

Multiple Choice Questions (continued)

Action Potential: A membrane current in a neuron generates a graded potential.
Sodium Permeability: Sodium permeability is highest during the rising phase of an action potential.
Voltage-Gated Channels and Inactivation: Voltage-gated sodium channels inactivate during the falling phase of an action potential
Undershoot and Potassium Channels: Voltage-gated potassium channels are responsible for the undershoot phase of an action potential

Multiple Choice Questions (continued)

Passive Electrical Properties: The resting membrane current is not a factor in passive electrical properties.
Membrane Potential and Ion Concentrations: The membrane potential is driven by the overall difference in intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations.

Multiple Choice Questions (continued)

Nernst Equation: The Nernst equation does not include capacitance.
Intracellular/Extracellular Ions: The difference in ion concentration between intracellular and extracellular fluids is a result of both active ion transport and passive diffusion.
Membrane Depolarization: A decrease in the concentration of anions inside the membrane will depolarize the membrane.
Standard Animal Cell Ions: Potassium leaks out of the cell slowly because its electrochemical gradient is small.

Multiple Choice Questions (continued)

Membrane Potential and Ion Contribution: The contribution of each ion to the membrane potential is determined chiefly by its membrane permeability.
Action Potential Structure: Voltage-gated sodium channels are primarily responsible for the all-or-none property of the action potential.
Action Potential Phases: The falling phase of an action potential is driven by an increase in potassium permeability.

Multiple Choice Questions (continued)

Voltage-Clamping Technique: Voltage-clamping is a technique used to measure ionic currents.
Membrane Regions and Currents: Outward currents, labeled 'I' in the graph, represent currents flowing out of the cell through voltage-gated channels.
Neuron Permeability to Sodium: The arrow that best represents the highest permeability to sodium is 'I.'
Channels' Repolarization: The channels at point II in the graph remain open for longer than those at point I due to the different membrane voltage sensitivity.

Multiple Choice Questions (continued)

Action Potential Graph Data Collection: The technique used to collect data in the bottom panel of the provided data is patch-clamping.
Ion Current Direction (Graph I): I in the figure represents outward sodium current through voltage-gated channels.
Membrane Depolarization Mechanism and Solution: A membrane with a treatment of being depolarized in a Na+ free solution results in an outward ionic current.

Multiple Choice Questions (continued)

TEA-Soaked Neuron: Soaking a neuron in TEA causes the inward ionic current to disappear.
Voltage Clamp on a Neuron at 0mV: Voltage-gated potassium channels will open in a neuron clamped at 0mV.
Voltage-Gated Channels Open and Ions Movement: The voltage-gated channels will not open if a cell is clamped at -100mV.
Channels Responsible for Undershoot Phase: The voltage-gated potassium channels are primarily responsible for the undershoot phase.

Multiple Choice Questions (continued)

Action Potential and Current Pulses: The membrane potential reaches threshold from 3 separate current pulses in the graph.
Simultaneous Stimuli and Action Potential: Multiple action potentials might occur if stimuli overlap.
Relative Strength and Current Pulses: If one current pulse is higher and longer, it could create a more prolonged train of action potentials with increasing frequency.
Voltage-Gated Channel Function at Rest: When a neuron is at rest, the voltage-gated sodium channels are closed and the voltage-gated potassium channels are closed.

Short Answer Questions

Nervous vs. Endocrine Systems: Nervous systems are rapid and localized, while endocrine systems are slower but affect a wider area.
Cockroach Startle Response: The startle response is a triggered reflex response to stimulus (sound, vibration) resulting in an immediate response (e.g. leg muscle contraction).
Glial Cells in the Nervous System: Glial cells provide support, insulation, and nourishment for neurons and participate in metabolic interplay.
Currents and Voltages: Current is a measure of charge flow while voltage is a measure of potential difference.
Action Potential and All-or-none Action potential is all or none due to the critical initiation voltage, and maintains this amplitude along the axon without degradation.
Myelination: Myelination speeds up action potential conduction by increasing membrane resistance and decreased membrane capacitance.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in neuroscience, including action potentials, neuron function, and the role of glial cells. This quiz covers essential topics like membrane potential and physiological responses in neuronal communication. Whether you're studying for an exam or just want to assess your understanding, this quiz will help reinforce your learning.