Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which method can terminate neurotransmitter action in the synapse?
Which method can terminate neurotransmitter action in the synapse?
What is the primary aim of neuropsychological assessment?
What is the primary aim of neuropsychological assessment?
Which aspect is NOT part of neuropsychological testing?
Which aspect is NOT part of neuropsychological testing?
What does the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve measure?
What does the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve measure?
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Why is reliability important in measurement?
Why is reliability important in measurement?
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What is a benefit of neuropsychological testing?
What is a benefit of neuropsychological testing?
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What is meant by the term 'validity' in measurement?
What is meant by the term 'validity' in measurement?
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Which factor is crucial when comparing test results?
Which factor is crucial when comparing test results?
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What does validity essentially refer to in measurement?
What does validity essentially refer to in measurement?
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Which of the following best describes the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)?
Which of the following best describes the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)?
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What is considered a possible deficit on the Boston Naming Test in adults?
What is considered a possible deficit on the Boston Naming Test in adults?
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In the Stroop Task, what is the primary goal of the participants?
In the Stroop Task, what is the primary goal of the participants?
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What cognitive abilities does the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure assess?
What cognitive abilities does the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure assess?
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If there is no hippocampus present in a patient, what is likely to happen?
If there is no hippocampus present in a patient, what is likely to happen?
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Which cognitive process is most challenged by brain damage during the Stroop Task?
Which cognitive process is most challenged by brain damage during the Stroop Task?
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In the Matrix Reasoning Test, what skills are primarily being assessed?
In the Matrix Reasoning Test, what skills are primarily being assessed?
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Study Notes
Quiz Instructions
- Come down and get a notecard.
- Write your name on the top left.
- Write your student ID on the top right.
Neurotransmitter Termination
- Neurotransmitter action in the synapse can be terminated by enzymatic degradation, reuptake, or diffusion.
Neuropsychology Assessment
- Neuropsychology studies the brain's structure and function in relation to psychological processes and behaviors.
- Research methods include clinical evaluations and scientific research.
- Goals include diagnosis (identifying brain damage) and description (evaluating consequences of damage).
- Tracking involves observing patient performance over time to assess treatment effect.
Different Avenues of Testing
- History-taking involves gathering medical history from the patient and family to determine if there's a historical determinant of the behavior.
- Interviews are conducted with the patient, and family or friends.
- Neuropsychological testing supplements anecdotal evidence by assessing performance on standardized tests, comparing results to "normal" group averages.
Advantages of Neuropsych Testing
- Standardized tests use repeatable instructions and tasks.
- Norms compare test results to establish if scores are "abnormal" based on the patient's age, sex, and IQ.
- Intensive testing involves collecting multiple measures to identify cognitive or behavioral deficits precisely.
- Sensitive tests can identify subtle deficits or enhanced abilities.
- Specific tests target specific domains like language or visuospatial skills.
Measuring Test Quality
- Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves illustrate test performance.
- Higher Area Under the Curve (AUC) values indicate better test performance.
- 100% specificity and sensitivity are ideal, but not always possible.
Reliability of Measurement
- Reliability addresses whether a measurement procedure yields consistent results.
- Internal reliability assesses consistency within a measure, often using the split-half method.
- External reliability assesses consistency across different times or raters using test-retest or inter-rater methods.
Validity of Measurement
- Validity assesses whether a test measures what it intends to measure.
- Content validity checks for appropriate content.
- Face validity evaluates whether the test appears to measure what it intends to.
- Construct validity examines if a test relates to underlying theoretical concepts.
- Criterion validity determines if a test relates to a similar measure (concurrent validity) or predicts future performance (predictive validity).
Reliability vs Validity
- A measure can be reliable but not valid (e.g., consistently inaccurate).
- A measure can be valid but not reliable (e.g., inaccurate results across different situations).
- An ideal measure is both reliable and valid.
Example: Learning and Memory
- Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) is a memory test developed in the 1940s.
- The test involves learning and recalling a list of words.
Example: Language Assessment
- Boston Naming Test, developed in 1983, assesses object naming ability using line drawings.
- A score below 45 suggests a potential naming deficit, possibly anomic aphasia.
Example: Clock Drawing Test
- Assesses cognitive function, particularly in individuals with potential cognitive decline.
Example: Executive Functioning
- Stroop task, developed in the 1930s, examines color-naming ability.
Example: Visuospatial Abilities
- Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure involves copying and later recalling a complex visual figure.
Example: Memory Issues
- Tests for memory (e.g., immediate and delayed recall) can help diagnose cognitive impairments.
Back to Rey-O
- Participants are asked to reproduce the example complex figure.
What happens with no hippocampus?
- Cases like H.M. illustrate that the hippocampus' role is important for spatial memory.
Matrix Reasoning Test
- Assess logical reasoning ability.
- Figures have a pattern; participants identify missing elements in the set of figures
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
- Assesses cognitive flexibility.
- Participants sort cards to a rule (e.g., shape, color, number); rules change unexpectedly.
Malingering
- Malingering involves faking a disorder or deficit for personal gain (e.g., insurance fraud).
- Specific tests are used to catch malingering; often individuals fabricate symptoms to a degree not seen in true impairment.
Test of Memory Malingering (ToMM)
- Use to detect if someone is malingering or faking a memory deficit.
- Scores below 50 suggest potential malingering.
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Description
This quiz covers key aspects of neuropsychology, including the termination of neurotransmitter action and the methods used in neuropsychological assessments. Explore the techniques employed for gathering medical history, conducting interviews, and evaluating brain function. Dive into the objectives of diagnosis and treatment tracking.
