Neuron Anatomy Overview

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What is the function of a ligand-gated ion channel?

Opens and closes in response to mechanical stimulation

Opens in response to a chemical stimulus (correct)

Opens in response to a change in membrane potential

Opens in response to a change in shape

In the context of ion channels, what does a leak channel refer to?

A channel that only allows one specific type of ion to flow through

A channel that allows ions to flow both ways continuously (correct)

A channel with a gate that opens randomly

A channel that is always closed

Where is the conus medullaris located?

At the lumbar enlargement

At the beginning of the spinal cord

At the cervical enlargement

At the end of the spinal cord (correct)

What is the purpose of the meninges surrounding the spinal cord and brain?

To provide mechanical support Signup and view all the answers

Which ion diffuses from outside the cell to inside the cell when the potassium channel opens?

Potassium Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of sodium diffusing from outside to inside the cell when the sodium channel opens?

Cell becomes more positively charged Signup and view all the answers

Which area separates the dura mater from the arachnoid mater?

Subdural space Signup and view all the answers

What happens if damage occurs above the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord?

Loss of use of arms and legs Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for controlling skeletal muscle movement?

Somatic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Sympathetic division Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurons send signals from the receptors to the central nervous system (brain)?

Afferent neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Initiate 'rest and digest' activities Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neurons convey information from the visceral organs, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands?

Motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of sensory neurons within the nervous system?

Send signals from receptors to the brain Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the neuron is responsible for converting stimuli into action potentials?

Cell body Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the somatic nervous system from the autonomic nervous system?

'Voluntary' actions control Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

The nervous system uses electrical signals while the endocrine system uses hormones. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the endocrine system have a longer-lasting and more widespread effect compared to the nervous system?

Hormones circulate throughout the blood and stay in the blood for a longer duration. Signup and view all the answers

How do electrical signals in the nervous system differ from hormones in the endocrine system in terms of speed?

Electrical signals travel faster than hormones. Signup and view all the answers

Why does the endocrine system take longer to work compared to the nervous system?

Hormones have a slower travel time within the body. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does the nervous system communicate differently with effectors compared to the endocrine system?

The nervous system communicates more rapidly with effectors compared to the endocrine system. Signup and view all the answers

What allows the endocrine system to have a more widespread effect on the body?

Hormones stay in the blood for an extended period of time and circulate throughout the body. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the posterior ramus of a spinal nerve?

Serves the deep muscles and skin of the posterior surface of the trunk Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the anterior horn in the spinal cord?

Has the cell bodies of somatic motor neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is found in the central canal of the gray commissure?

Cerebrospinal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Which region of the spinal cord is associated with voluntary neurons?

Anterior horn Signup and view all the answers

What is contained in the posterior root ganglion?

Cell bodies of sensory neurons Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the gray matter in the spinal cord is associated with autonomic motor neurons?

Lateral horn Signup and view all the answers

Where do cervical nerves exit in relation to their corresponding vertebrae?

Above their corresponding vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What are T2 to T12 nerves known as?

Intercostal nerves Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the axon hillock in a neuron?

It is where the action potential starts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of neuron has multiple poles/processes, with one process being the axon and the others being dendrites?

Multipolar neuron Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system?

Form myelin sheath around axons Signup and view all the answers

Which type of electrical signal in neurons is temporary and used for short-distance communication?

Graded potential Signup and view all the answers

In the electrical signals of neurons, what causes depolarization by entering the cell?

Sodium ions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) in a neuron?

It enhances the effect of a neurotransmitter Signup and view all the answers

Which factor affects the speed of conduction of an action potential in neurons?

Amount of myelination Signup and view all the answers