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Introduction to Neuroscience
40 Questions
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Introduction to Neuroscience

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@StableEpilogue

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nervous system in the body?

  • To provide us with higher cognitive functions
  • To facilitate communication between cells
  • To control and coordinate all essential bodily functions (correct)
  • To regulate body temperature

    • What is the main focus of the science of Neuroscience?

  • The study of the heart and cardiovascular system
  • The study of the immune system and its functions
  • The study of the brain and nervous system (correct)
  • The study of the digestive system and its processes

    • Which part of the nervous system provides us with higher cognitive functions?

  • Peripheral nervous system
  • Somatic nervous system
  • Central nervous system (correct)
  • Autonomic nervous system

    • What does the nervous system enable the body to do in response to information from the environment?

    <p>To respond accordingly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the nervous system and the environment?

    <p>The nervous system receives information from the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a part of the nervous system?

    <p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the lecture series NBSS Neuroscience?

    <p>The study of the brain and nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>To control involuntary actions such as heart rate and digestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which level of enquiry do neuroscientists study the neural basis of behavior?

    <p>Behavioural Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of study at the Synapse Level?

    <p>What happens at the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for medics to learn about neuroscience?

    <p>Because neurological disorders are extremely common</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause Nervous System Disorders?

    <p>Both internal and external causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a degenerative disorder?

    <p>Alzheimer Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the author of the book 'Brain'?

    <p>David Eagleman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of neuroscientists at the Genetic Level?

    <p>Study of the genetic basis of neuronal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of study at the Membrane Level?

    <p>What happens at ion channels on a neuronal membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of study at the Single Neuron Level?

    <p>How individual neurons respond to certain events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of neurological disability in the population?

    <p>High</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of David Eagleman's journey?

    <p>Investigating the questions at the heart of our existence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emerges in the infinitely dense tangle of billions of brain cells and their trillions of connections?

    <p>You</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed 5 principles about the relationship between genes, brain, and behaviour?

    <p>Eric Kandel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key question in making links between neuroscience and human behaviour?

    <p>Does human behaviour have a genetic component?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central theme in David Eagleman's investigations?

    <p>The impact of technology on human existence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a fundamental question in understanding human behaviour?

    <p>How do we make decisions?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the idea of Nativism?

    <p>Renee Descartes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of how environmental factors influence gene expression?

    <p>Epigenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the lower jaw and is the only movable joint of the cranium?

    <p>Mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the region of the brain that connects to the spinal cord?

    <p>Medulla Oblongata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the joint that connects the mandible to the cranial base?

    <p>Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones form the neurocranium?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inner surface of the base of the skull?

    <p>Intracranial Region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with the idea of Empiricism?

    <p>John Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is colored orange in the diagram?

    <p>Occipital lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the dura mater?

    <p>To provide a mechanically protective covering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the dura mater and the calvaria?

    <p>Middle meningeal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the arachnoid granulations?

    <p>To re-absorb cerebrospinal fluid into systemic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the space where cerebrospinal fluid exits the ventricular system?

    <p>Cisterna magna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain connects the brain with the spinal cord?

    <p>Brainstem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pia mater?

    <p>To support the blood supply of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Circle of Willis?

    <p>A circulatory anastomosis at the base of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Neuroscience

    • Neuroscience is the study of the brain and nervous system
    • It involves understanding the functions of the nervous system at different levels: behavioural, system, local circuit, single neuron, synapse, membrane, and genetic

    The Nervous System

    • The nervous system is the main controlling and communicating centre of the body
    • It coordinates and controls all essential bodily functions, processes information from the environment, and enables the body to respond accordingly
    • The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
    • The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a subdivision of the PNS that controls involuntary actions

    Neuroscientists and Their Work

    • Neuroscientists study the nervous system at different levels to understand its functions and disorders
    • They investigate the neural basis of behaviour, various parts of the nervous system, local circuits, single neurons, synapses, and genetic factors

    Importance of Neuroscience in Medicine

    • Neurological disorders are extremely common and account for one in eight consultations in general practice
    • 20% of medical emergency admissions are due to neurological disorders
    • Doctors should learn about neuroscience to better understand and manage these disorders

    Nervous System Disorders

    • Disorders can be caused by internal (vascular problems, congenital problems, brain tumours, etc.) or external factors (toxins, infections, trauma, etc.)
    • Examples of gradual loss of function include degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Huntington's, Alzheimer's, and multiple sclerosis
    • Acute problems include stroke, seizures, and mental health issues like anxiety, depression, and psychosis
    • Neurodevelopmental problems include autistic spectrum disorders and dyslexia

    Brain Development and Function

    • The brain is shaped by experiences and environment
    • It is responsible for our perceptions, emotions, and actions
    • The brain needs other people to function properly, and technology is changing what it means to be human

    Brain Structure and Function

    • The brain has different regions, including the frontal lobe, thalamus, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
    • The cerebral cortex has four lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital
    • The limbic system is a network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory

    The Cranium and Brain

    • The cranium protects the brain and is formed by two parts: neurocranium and viscerocranium
    • The neurocranium has eight bones, including the frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and occipital bones
    • The viscerocranium consists of facial bones, including the mandible and vomer
    • The brain fits into the cranium, with different regions fitting into specific areas of the skull

    Meninges and CSF Circulation

    • The meninges are three layers of protective tissue covering the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater
    • The middle meningeal artery supplies the dura mater and calvaria
    • The circle of Willis is a network of arteries that supply the brain
    • Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed in the ventricles and circulates through the subarachnoid space before being reabsorbed into systemic veins

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of neuroscience, including neuroanatomy and cellular structure. It's based on Dr. Anna Battaglia's lectures at King's College London.

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