Neurology Quiz: Acute Brain Disorders
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Neurology Quiz: Acute Brain Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What primary effect does acute brain disorders have on the level of consciousness?

  • It consistently leads to loss of motor function.
  • It has no impact on cognitive functions.
  • It is often the earliest change observed. (correct)
  • It promotes increased sensory perception.

    • Which statement regarding motor dysfunction is accurate?

  • Spasticity is characterized by reduced muscle tone.
  • Paresis is defined as complete loss of muscle function.
  • Motor dysfunction only impacts the ipsilateral side of the body.
  • Damage to the left side of the brain affects the contralateral side of the body. (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes ataxia?

  • A language disorder resulting in aphasia.
  • A movement disorder due to cerebellar damage. (correct)
  • A sensory deficit characterized by numbness.
  • A type of convulsion often linked to seizure activity.

    • What is the nature of paresthesia?

    <p>It is an abnormal sensation like burning or tingling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition indicates an inability to communicate effectively?

    <p>Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can spontaneous excessive discharge of neurons in the brain lead to?

    <p>Seizures or convulsions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of reflexes and muscle tone, flaccidity is associated with which condition?

    <p>Hyporeflexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following is NOT considered a higher function of the nervous system?

    <p>Motor control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant symptom associated with meningitis?

    <p>Nuchal rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which causative agent is not associated with meningitis?

    <p>Varicella zoster virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What predisposing factor is specifically relevant to encephalitis?

    <p>Insect bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment method is appropriate for a patient diagnosed with meningitis?

    <p>Antimicrobial therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic accurately describes the pathophysiology of tetanus?

    <p>Spore formation in soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological examination tool is commonly used to assess the level of consciousness?

    <p>Glasgow coma scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain region is primarily responsible for language comprehension?

    <p>Wernicke’s area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial indicator of brain tumors that often causes concern?

    <p>Morning headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of brain tumor originates from neuroglial cells?

    <p>Astrocytoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is used to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for altered components?

    <p>Lumbar puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increased intracranial pressure that can affect vision?

    <p>Hemianopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a primary brain tumor?

    <p>Breast cancer metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a generalized effect of brain tumors due to increased intracranial pressure?

    <p>Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aphasia primarily affects which of the following functions?

    <p>Speech and language function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of imaging is primarily used to assess patency of the carotid and intracerebral vessels?

    <p>Cerebral angiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that differentiates a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) from a stroke?

    <p>TIA symptoms resolve quickly within a few minutes to 2 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (strokes)?

    <p>High levels of physical activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of damage in a hemorrhagic stroke compared to ischemic strokes?

    <p>Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and widespread damage occur in hemorrhagic strokes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is a common warning sign of a stroke?

    <p>Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What accurately describes a cerebral aneurysm?

    <p>It is a localized dilation in an artery often asymptomatic until it ruptures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a TIA occurs?

    <p>There is a temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does smoking increase the risk of stroke?

    <p>It contributes to arterial plaque formation and hypertension.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common causative organism for meningitis in neonates?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with meningitis?

    <p>Weakness or paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the prognosis for hemorrhagic strokes generally worse than for ischemic strokes?

    <p>They cause increased ICP and secondary complications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can complicate the effects of cerebral hemorrhage?

    <p>Vasospasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale primarily assist with?

    <p>Diagnosis in an emergency situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can act as a risk factor when combined with oral contraceptives?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which population is Streptococcus pneumoniae most notably a causative agent of meningitis?

    <p>Elderly persons and young children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can serve as common early indicators of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in meningitis?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which differential symptom is associated with cerebrovascular accidents rather than meningitis?

    <p>Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication of meningitis that affects hearing?

    <p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms indicates potential cognitive and emotional manifestations in cerebrovascular accidents?

    <p>Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is primarily used to diagnose meningitis?

    <p>Lumbar puncture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by an inflammation of the meninges surrounding the CNS?

    <p>Meningitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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