Neurology Quiz: Acute Brain Disorders

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What primary effect does acute brain disorders have on the level of consciousness?

It consistently leads to loss of motor function.

It has no impact on cognitive functions.

It is often the earliest change observed. (correct)

It promotes increased sensory perception.

Which statement regarding motor dysfunction is accurate?

Spasticity is characterized by reduced muscle tone.

Paresis is defined as complete loss of muscle function.

Motor dysfunction only impacts the ipsilateral side of the body.

Damage to the left side of the brain affects the contralateral side of the body. (correct)

Which of the following best describes ataxia?

A language disorder resulting in aphasia.

A movement disorder due to cerebellar damage. (correct)

A sensory deficit characterized by numbness.

A type of convulsion often linked to seizure activity.

What is the nature of paresthesia?

It is an abnormal sensation like burning or tingling. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition indicates an inability to communicate effectively?

Aphasia Signup and view all the answers

What can spontaneous excessive discharge of neurons in the brain lead to?

Seizures or convulsions. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of reflexes and muscle tone, flaccidity is associated with which condition?

Hyporeflexia Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT considered a higher function of the nervous system?

Motor control Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant symptom associated with meningitis?

Nuchal rigidity Signup and view all the answers

Which causative agent is not associated with meningitis?

Varicella zoster virus Signup and view all the answers

What predisposing factor is specifically relevant to encephalitis?

Insect bites Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is appropriate for a patient diagnosed with meningitis?

Antimicrobial therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic accurately describes the pathophysiology of tetanus?

Spore formation in soil Signup and view all the answers

What neurological examination tool is commonly used to assess the level of consciousness?

Glasgow coma scale Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is primarily responsible for language comprehension?

Wernicke’s area Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial indicator of brain tumors that often causes concern?

Morning headache Signup and view all the answers

What type of brain tumor originates from neuroglial cells?

Astrocytoma Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is used to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for altered components?

Lumbar puncture Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of increased intracranial pressure that can affect vision?

Hemianopia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a primary brain tumor?

Breast cancer metastasis Signup and view all the answers

What can be a generalized effect of brain tumors due to increased intracranial pressure?

Vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Aphasia primarily affects which of the following functions?

Speech and language function Signup and view all the answers

What type of imaging is primarily used to assess patency of the carotid and intracerebral vessels?

Cerebral angiography Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic that differentiates a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) from a stroke?

TIA symptoms resolve quickly within a few minutes to 2 hours. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recognized risk factor for cerebrovascular accidents (strokes)?

High levels of physical activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of damage in a hemorrhagic stroke compared to ischemic strokes?

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and widespread damage occur in hemorrhagic strokes. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is a common warning sign of a stroke?

Sudden weakness or numbness on one side of the body Signup and view all the answers

What accurately describes a cerebral aneurysm?

It is a localized dilation in an artery often asymptomatic until it ruptures. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a TIA occurs?

There is a temporary reduction in blood flow to the brain. Signup and view all the answers

How does smoking increase the risk of stroke?

It contributes to arterial plaque formation and hypertension. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common causative organism for meningitis in neonates?

Escherichia coli Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with meningitis?

Weakness or paralysis Signup and view all the answers

Why is the prognosis for hemorrhagic strokes generally worse than for ischemic strokes?

They cause increased ICP and secondary complications. Signup and view all the answers

What factor can complicate the effects of cerebral hemorrhage?

Vasospasm Signup and view all the answers

What does the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stroke Scale primarily assist with?

Diagnosis in an emergency situation Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can act as a risk factor when combined with oral contraceptives?

Smoking Signup and view all the answers

In which population is Streptococcus pneumoniae most notably a causative agent of meningitis?

Elderly persons and young children Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can serve as common early indicators of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in meningitis?

Seizures Signup and view all the answers

Which differential symptom is associated with cerebrovascular accidents rather than meningitis?