Questions and Answers
What is the function of the Olfactory CN 1?
What does the Internal carotid artery branch into?
Middle cerebral arteries
Where does the Optic N (CN II) originate?
What is the function of the Optic chiasma?
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What is the role of the infundibulum?
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What is the function of the Mammillary body?
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Where does the Basilar artery branch from?
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What is one function of the Pons?
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What does the choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle do?
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What are two functions of the Medulla oblongata?
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Where does the Oculomotor CN (#3) originate?
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What is the primary function of the Trochlear N (#4)?
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Which branches does the Trigeminal N (#5) have?
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What is the function of the Abducens CN (#6)?
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Where does the Facial N (#7) pass through?
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What is the function of the Vestibulocochlear CN 8?
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What is the origin of the glossopharyngeal CN 9?
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What does the Vagus CN 10 control?
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What does the Spinal Accessory CN 11 innervate?
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What is the function of the Hypoglossal CN 12?
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What is the function of the Olive of Medulla?
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What is the function of the Pyramid of Medulla?
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Study Notes
Olfactory Nerve and Function
- Olfactory CN 1 originates from the olfactory cortex (Brodmann area #28) and passes through the cribiform plate.
- Primary function is the sense of smell.
Internal Carotid Artery
- Internal carotid artery branches into middle cerebral arteries, supplying critical areas of the brain.
Optic Nerve
- Optic N (CN II) originates from the thalamus and passes through the optic canal alongside the ophthalmic artery.
- Responsible for sensory vision.
Optic Chiasma
- Functionally, it serves as the crossover point for sensory visual information from both eyes.
Infundibulum and Pituitary Gland
- The infundibulum (stalk) connects the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus, which regulates hormone production.
Mammillary Body
- Originates from the hypothalamus and plays a role in the Papez circuit of the limbic system, which is crucial for emotional control.
Basilar Artery
- The basilar artery branches from the vertebral arteries and further divides into anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), superior cerebellar artery (SCA), pontine arteries, and posterior cerebral arteries.
Pons
- Part of the brainstem, the pons is integral for relaying information between the motor cortex and cerebellum and regulating breathing rhythms.
Choroid Plexus
- Located in the fourth ventricle, it is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Medulla Oblongata
- Functions in regulating cardiovascular (heart rate, blood pressure) and respiratory centers (rate, depth of breathing), as well as autonomic nervous system responses like sneezing and vomiting.
Oculomotor Nerve
- Oculomotor CN (III) originates in the superior colliculi of the midbrain and travels through the superior orbital fissure, controlling eye movement.
Trochlear Nerve
- The trochlear N (IV) starts in the inferior colliculi of the midbrain, passes through the superior orbital fissure, and is involved in eye movement.
Trigeminal Nerve
- Trigeminal N (V) has three branches: ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular, originating from the pons.
- It passes through various foramina and is primarily responsible for facial sensation and chewing.
Abducens Nerve
- Abducens CN (VI) arises at the pons/medulla border, moves through the superior orbital fissure, and controls eye movement.
Facial Nerve
- Facial N (VII) starts at the pons/medulla border and passes through the internal acoustic meatus; it facilitates facial movement and sensory perception for the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
- Vestibulocochlear CN (VIII) originates from the pons/medulla border and passes through the internal auditory meatus for hearing sensation.
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
- Glossopharyngeal CN (IX) has its origin in the medulla and exits through the jugular foramen; it provides sensory function for the posterior one-third of the tongue.
Vagus Nerve
- Vagus CN (X), also originating from the medulla and passing through the jugular foramen, is involved in speech and both sensory and motor functions in the thorax and abdomen.
Spinal Accessory Nerve
- Spinal Accessory CN (XI) originates in the medulla, exits the skull via the jugular foramen, and innervates the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
Hypoglossal Nerve
- Hypoglossal CN (XII) starts in the medulla and passes through the hypoglossal canal, primarily serving motor control of the tongue.
Olive of Medulla
- The olive is involved in the transport of sensory information.
Pyramid of Medulla
- The pyramids of the medulla are pathways for the pyramidal tracts, essential for the voluntary motor control of the body.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of key cranial nerves and blood vessels. This quiz covers the olfactory nerve, optic nerve, internal carotid artery, and more. Perfect for students studying neuroanatomy.
