Networking Basics: Routers and Their Functions

To interconnect multiple networks.

By using a routing table.

An IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway.

<p>It identifies the router to which packets are sent when the destination is outside the local subnet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help routers learn about remote networks and build their routing tables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specialized ports and network interface cards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They encapsulate packets and forward them via the interface indicated in the routing table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Device names, interfaces, IP addresses with subnet masks, and default gateways are essential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A statically assigned IP address involves manually assigning the IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway to the host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dynamically assigned IP addresses are provided by a server using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An RJ-45-to-DB-9 console cable is required for console access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary purpose of path determination is to identify the best path for packet delivery to a destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three outcomes are a directly connected network, a remote network, or no route determined.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terminal emulation software such as Tera Term, PuTTY, or HyperTerminal can be used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is advantageous in very small networks with few hosts where control over IP assignments is needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DHCP is commonly used because it automates IP address assignment, reducing manual configuration errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The next-hop IP address and the exit interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The router searches its routing table for a match to the destination network, then identifies the next-hop IP for forwarding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The command 'show ip route static' can be used to verify static routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is necessary when the output interface is a multi-access interface and the next hop must be explicitly identified.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A default static route directs packets for unknown destinations to a specific next-hop address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To build and update routing tables based on specific metrics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AD indicates the trustworthiness of a route, with lower values representing more trustworthy paths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stores information about directly connected routes, remote routes, and next hop associations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packets are forwarded using two or more paths equally if those paths have equal cost metrics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RIP uses hop count as its metric to determine the best path to a destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) uses cost based on bandwidth, while Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) considers bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The command is <code>show ip route</code>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EIGRP uses bandwidth, delay, load, and reliability to determine the best path.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Static routes are manually configured and added to the routing table when the exit interface is active.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The routing table directs packets by providing paths and next hop information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A router strips off layer 2 headers, examines the destination IP address in the layer 3 header, re-encapsulates the layer 3 packet into a layer 2 frame, and forwards the frame out the exit interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The source and destination MAC addresses change with each router hop, reflecting the new neighboring device's MAC addresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The TTL field decrements by one with each hop, and the packet is discarded when it reaches a TTL value of zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The best path is selected by a routing protocol based on a metric that measures the distance to the target network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examining the destination IP address determines the best route for forwarding the packet to its destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Re-encapsulation is necessary to prepare the packet for transmission over the physical network layer, using the appropriate MAC addressing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A routing protocol utilizes metrics to evaluate and determine the optimal path for packet delivery to a network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The layer 3 header contains the destination IP address, which is vital for identifying the packet's intended endpoint.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintaining constant source and destination IP addresses ensures that the packet's origin and target remain identifiable throughout its journey.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The router decrements the TTL field and discards the packet once the TTL reaches zero to prevent looping.</p> Signup and view all the answers